ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2020
Inequalities in Public Water Arsenic Concentrations in Counties and Community Water Systems across the United States, 2006-2011.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urinary arsenic and heart disease mortality in NHANES 2003-2014.Environmental research · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of an Arsenic Mitigation Program on Arsenic Exposure in American Indian Communities: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of the Community-Led Strong Heart Water Study Program.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Trial
- Water arsenic levels and breast cancer risk in a United States-wide prospective cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Article
- Associations of drinking water and urinary uranium with incident diabetes among U.S. adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Strong Heart Family Study.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Prenatal Water Fluoride Exposure and Children's Behavioral Problems.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- Encoding Justice with Data: Environmental Justice Screening Tools and the Limits of Quantification.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Disinfection Byproducts and Inorganic Contaminants in the U.S. Correctional Facility Public Water Systems.Environmental justice (Print) · 2026Article
- Drinking water arsenic, urinary arsenic biomarkers, and cognitive impairment in the REGARDS study.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Public drinking water contaminant estimates for birth cohorts in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Multiome Impact of Prenatal Heavy Metal Exposure on Early Airway Development.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Predicting arsenic and manganese contamination in private well water with Machine Learning: An integrated analysis of geologic, well construction, and permitting data.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Predictors of Toxic Metal/Metalloid Exposures Among Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Associations Between Urinary Metal Levels and Incident Heart Failure: A Multi-Cohort Analysis.JACC. Heart failure · 2025Article
- Identifying differences in U.S. exposure to ubiquitous carcinogens.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Public Water Arsenic and Birth Outcomes in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort.JAMA network open · 2025Observational
- Sociodemographic Disparities in Exposures to Inorganic Contaminants in United States Public Water Systems.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Drinking water source and exposure to regulated water contaminants in the California Teachers Study cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Engineering human cerebral organoids to explore mechanisms of arsenic-induced developmental neurotoxicity.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic Disparities in Exposures to PFAS and Other Unregulated Industrial Drinking Water Contaminants in US Public Water Systems.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- The private well water climate impact index: Characterization of community-level climate-related hazards and vulnerability in the continental United States.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the United States, nationwide estimates of public drinking water arsenic exposure are not readily available. We used the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Six-Year Review contaminant occurrence data set to estimate public water arsenic exposure. We compared community water system (CWS) arsenic concentrations during 2006-2008 vs. after 2009-2011, the initial monitoring period for compliance with the U.S. EPA's
objectiveOur objective was to characterize potential inequalities in CWS arsenic exposure over time and across sociodemographic subgroups.
methodsWe estimated 3-y average arsenic concentrations for 36,406 CWSs (98%) and 2,740 counties (87%) and compared differences in means and quantiles of water arsenic (via quantile regression) between both 3-y periods for U.S. regions and sociodemographic subgroups. We assigned CWSs and counties MCL compliance categories (High if above the MCL; Low if below) for each 3-y period.
resultsFrom 2006-2008 to 2009-2011, mean and 95th percentile CWS arsenic (in micrograms per liter) declined by 10.3% (95% CI: 6.5%, 14.1%) and 11.5% (8.3%, 14.8%) nationwide, by 11.4% (4.7%, 18.1%) and 16.3% (8.1%, 24.5%) for the Southwest, and by 36.8% (7.4%, 66.1%) and 26.5% (12.1%, 40.8%) for New England, respectively. CWSs in the High/High compliance category (not MCL compliant) were more likely in the Southwest (61.1%), served by groundwater (94.7%), serving smaller populations (mean 1,102 persons), and serving Hispanic communities (38.3%). DISCUSSION: Larger absolute declines in CWS arsenic concentrations at higher water arsenic quantiles indicate declines are related to MCL implementation. CWSs reliant on groundwater, serving smaller populations, located in the Southwest, and serving Hispanic communities were more likely to continue exceeding the arsenic MCL, raising environmental justice concerns. These estimates of public drinking water arsenic exposure can enable further surveillance and epidemiologic research, including assessing whether differential declines in water arsenic exposure resulted in differential declines in arsenic-associated disease. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7313.
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