Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33293852›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2020

Trends in Micronutrient Laboratory Testing in Switzerland: A 7-Year Retrospective Analysis of Healthcare Claims Data.

Carola A Huber, Michael Nagler, Thomas Rosemann, Eva Blozik, Markus Näpflin, Stefan Markun

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of general medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. The impact of Choosing WiselyBMC health services research · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Reduce unnecessary routine vitamin D testing.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Carola A HuberDepartment of Health Sciences, Helsana Insurance Group, Zürich, Switzerland.
Michael NaglerUniversity Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4319-2367
Thomas RosemannInstitute of Primary Care, University of Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6436-6306
Eva BlozikDepartment of Health Sciences, Helsana Insurance Group, Zürich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-0620-6873
Markus NäpflinDepartment of Health Sciences, Helsana Insurance Group, Zürich, Switzerland.
Stefan MarkunInstitute of Primary Care, University of Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3317-0957
University of Zurich · CHHelsana Group (Switzerland) · CHUniversity of Bern · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMicronutrient laboratory tests (MLT) are increasing in many healthcare systems. This study assessed time trends of annual MLT incidence in the Swiss population and examined the frequency of specific MLT, defined as the number of yearly tests performed in individual persons.

methodsFor annual time trends, we used a longitudinal design with a seven-year observation period (2012-2018) and for yearly testing frequency we used a cross-sectional design (2018 only). The database consisted of nationwide insurance claims from adult persons.

resultsPersons with MLT compared to persons without were older (mean age 57.1 years vs 48.6 years) and to a higher proportion female (65.1% vs 45.5%). Between 2012 and 2018, we included 6.7 million person years and found an increase in the proportion of persons receiving any MLT from 24.5% to 35.0%. Tests with strongest absolute increase during the observation period were vitamin D (from 7.4% of persons to 20.4%), vitamin B12 (from 9.0% to 17.6%) and ferritin (from 17.4% to 26.6%). In 2018, vitamin D and vitamin B12 tests were performed more than once in 4.5% and 3.3% of the population, respectively.

conclusionWe found that the Swiss population undergoes MLT with high and increasing frequency. Testing for vitamin D, vitamin B12 and ferritin is very common and of questionable appropriateness.

Indexed as

claims datalaboratory testingmicronutrienttrend

Identifiers

PMID33293852
PMCPMC7719331
OpenAlexW3108196928

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.