ArticleScientific reports2020
Older adults lack SARS CoV-2 cross-reactive T lymphocytes directed to human coronaviruses OC43 and NL63.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Epidemiological characteristics of human coronaviruses among populations with acute respiratory infections: surveillance data from jing'an district, Shanghai, 2024-2025.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Endemic penetrance of SARS-CoV-2 has impacted marginally on immunity to spike protein of human coronaviruses.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Enhanced and long-lasting SARS-CoV-2 immune memory in individuals with common cold coronavirus cross-reactive T cell immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 natural infection, but not vaccine-induced immunity, elicits cross-reactive immunity to OC43.Heliyon · 2024Article
- High transmission of endemic human coronaviruses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents in Cebu, Philippines.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Cytokine profile of anti-spike CD4iScience · 2024Article
- The Influence of Cross-Reactive T Cells in COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Human coronavirus OC43-elicited CD4Nature communications · 2024Article
- Distinct T cell polyfunctional profile in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative children associated with endemic human coronavirus cross-reactivity.iScience · 2024Article
- The immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses: potential influences of cross-reactive memory responses and aging on efficacy and off-target effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Potential use of endemic human coronaviruses to stimulate immunity against pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2023Article
- Immunological imprinting of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Evolution of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4Immunogenetics · 2023Review
- Functional SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Review
- Multimodal single-cell analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of COVID-19 patients in Japan.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- COVID-19: Using high-throughput flow cytometry to dissect clinical heterogeneity.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology · 2023Review
- Lung T cell response in COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Long COVID: Clinical characteristics, proposed pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently, infections with SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Older adults subjects > 60 years of age account for > 95% of the over one million fatal cases reported to date. It is unclear why in this age group SARS-CoV-2 infection causes more severe disease than in young adults. We hypothesized that differences in SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive cellular immunity induced after infection with human coronaviruses (HCoVs), like OC43 and NL63, were at the basis of the differential mortality (and morbidity) observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection, because a small proportion of HCoV-specific T cells cross-react with SARS-CoV-2. Our data demonstrate that pre-existing T cell immunity induced by circulating human alpha- and beta-HCoVs is present in young adult individuals, but virtually absent in older adult subjects. Consequently, the frequency of cross-reactive T cells directed to the novel pandemic SARS-CoV-2 was minimal in most older adults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the presence of cross-reactive T cells to SARS-CoV-2 is compared in young and older adults. Our findings provide at least a partial explanation for the more severe clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in the elderly. Moreover, this information could help to design efficacious vaccines for this age group, aiming at the induction of cell-mediated immunity.
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