Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33293250›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry2021

Reading the Mind in the Eyes: A Population-Based Study of Social Cognition in Older Adults.

Soyoung Lee, Erin P Jacobsen, Yichen Jia, Beth E Snitz, Chung-Chou H Chang, Mary Ganguli

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Evidence for the role of affective theory of mind in face-name associative memory.Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Sex and age interact in reading the mind in the eyes.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Soyoung LeeDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine (SL, EPJ, MG), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Erin P JacobsenDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine (SL, EPJ, MG), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Yichen JiaDepartment of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health (YJ, CCHC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Beth E SnitzDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine (BES, MG), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Chung-Chou H ChangDepartment of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health (YJ, CCHC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (CCHC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Mary GanguliDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine (SL, EPJ, MG), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (BES, MG), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (MG), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: GanguliM@upmc.edu.
University of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Community StudyR01AG023651 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI GANGULI, MARY · 2005 to 2020
$27.1M
Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Community StudyR37AG023651 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Carmen Andreescu, MARY GANGULI · 2021 to 2026
$18.2M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG023651NIA NIH HHS R37 AG023651
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSocial cognition indicates the cognitive processes involved in perceiving, interpreting, and processing social information. Although it is one of the six core DSM-5 cognitive domains for diagnosing neurocognitive disorders, it is not routinely assessed in older adults. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test assesses Theory of Mind, the social cognition mechanism which forms the root of empathy.

objectivesTo describe the distribution of, and factors associated with, scores on a 10-item version of Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET-10) in older adults.

designPopulation-based cross-sectional study.

settingSmall-town communities in Pennsylvania.

participantsAdults aged 66-105 years (N = 902, mean age = 76.6). MEASUREMENTS: The assessment included RMET-10, demographics, cognitive screening, literacy, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, cognitive composites derived from a neuropsychological test battery, Social Norms Questionnaire, and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR).

resultsRMET-10 score was normally distributed in our overall study sample. Normative RMET-10 scores among those rated as CDR = 0 were calculated by age, sex, and education. RMET-10 score was significantly higher with younger age, higher education, white race, higher cognitive screening scores, literacy, social norms scores, higher scores in all five domains in cognitive composites, and lower CDR. RMET-10 score was also significantly higher with fewer depression and anxiety symptoms after adjusting for demographics.

conclusionsThe RMET is a potentially useful measure of social cognition for use in the research assessment of older adults. With appropriate calibration it should also have utility in the clinical setting.

Indexed as

Social CognitionTheory of MindAgedCognitionCross-Sectional StudiesEmpathyHumansNeuropsychological TestsAgingcognitive empathycommunity-basedepidemiologyReading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET)theory of mind

Identifiers

PMID33293250
PMCPMC8166961
OpenAlexW3107868173

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.