ArticleFluids and barriers of the CNS2020
Water treadmill training attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in rats by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 expression following spinal cord injury.
Article in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in the research of the role of macrophage/microglia polarization-mediated inflammatory response in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Exercise-derived exosomal miR-151-3p: An innovative anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic for spinal cord injury.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- A2 astrocyte polarization mediates ketogenic diet protection of blood-central nervous system barriers in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Body weight-supported treadmill training enhances motor recovery and ameliorates neuron injury through the MDK/LRP-1 signaling pathway in T10 incomplete spinal cord-injured rats.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Vascular integrity and immune infiltration in SCI pain: Can exercise tip the balance?Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Exercise training promotes nerve cell repair and regeneration after spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Exosomes derived from menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells and treadmill training restore motor function following SCI by activating PI3K/Akt pathway.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Engineering NO delivery system renormalizes the excitability of inhibitory interneurons after spinal cord injuryBioactive materials · 2025Article
- Body weight-supported treadmill training reduces glial scar overgrowth in SCI rats by decreasing the reactivity of astrocytes during the subacute phase.BMC neuroscience · 2025Article
- The Impact of Treadmill Training on Tissue Integrity, Axon Growth, and Astrocyte Modulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Teriparatide: an innovative and promising strategy for protecting the blood-spinal cord barrier following spinal cord injury.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Water Treadmill Training Ameliorates Neurite Outgrowth Inhibition Associated with NGR/RhoA/ROCK by Inhibiting Astrocyte Activation following Spinal Cord Injury.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Exercise-Induced Plasticity in Signaling Pathways Involved in Motor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Revascularization After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Exosomes Derived from Nerve Stem Cells Loaded with FTY720 Promote the Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by PTEN/AKT Signal Pathway.Journal of immunology research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe permeability of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is mainly determined by junction complexes between adjacent endothelial cells (ECs), including tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs), which can be severely damaged after spinal cord injury (SCI). Exercise training is a recognized method for the treatment of SCI. The destruction of the BSCB mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) leads to inflammation, neurotoxin production, and neuronal apoptosis. The failure of new blood vessels to effectively regenerate is also an important cause of delayed recovery after SCI. For the first time, we introduced water treadmill training (TT) to help SCI rats successfully exercise and measured the effects of TT in promoting recovery after SCI and the possible mechanisms involved.
methodsSprague-Dawley (200-250 g) rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: sham operated, SCI, and SCI + TT. Animals were sacrificed at 7 or 14 days post-surgery. The degree of neurological deficit, tissue morphology and BSCB permeability were assessed by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) motor function scale and appropriate staining protocols, and apoptosis, protein expression and vascular EC ultrastructure were assessed by TUNEL staining, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
resultsOur experiments showed that TT reduced permeability of the BSCB and decreased structural tissue damage. TT significantly improved functional recovery when compared with that in the SCI group; TJ and AJ proteins expression increased significantly after TT, and training reduced apoptosis induced by SCI. TT could promote angiogenesis, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was significantly inhibited by TT.
conclusionsThe results of this study indicate that TT promotes functional recovery for the following reasons: TT (1) protects residual BSCB structure from further damage, (2) promotes vascular regeneration, and (3) inhibits MMP-2/9 expression to mitigate BSCB damage.
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