ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Defining Dry Eye from a Clinical Perspective.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence map for randomized controlled trials of treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion for dry eye disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of varenicline nasal spray for the management of dry eye signs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Pooled it
- Advances in Dry Eye Disease Examination Techniques.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of estrogen replacement therapy combined with autologous serum therapy in controlling severe dry eye disease in perimenopausal women.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Pooled results from two pivotal randomized controlled clinical trials: ESSENCE-1 and ESSENCE-2 to assess efficacy and safety of a water-free ciclosporin 0.1% formulation for the treatment of dry eye disease.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of a lipid-containing artificial tear compared with a non-lipid containing tear: a randomized clinical trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Recombinant human nerve growth factor (cenegermin) for moderate-to-severe dry eye: phase II, randomized, vehicle-controlled, dose-ranging trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Effect of aerobic exercise alone or combined with Mediterranean diet on dry eye in obese hypertensive elderly.Irish journal of medical science · 2023Trial
- Safety, adherence and discontinuation in varenicline solution nasal spray clinical trials for dry eye disease.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2023Trial
- Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of phase 3 clinical trial outcomes of OC-01 (varenicline solution) nasal spray and lifitegrast 5% ophthalmic solution for the treatment of dry eye disease.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2023Trial
- Aqueous Humour Ofloxacin Concentration after Topical Instillation in Patients with Dry Eye Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Trial
- A phase I study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of ocular GLH8NDE in healthy male adults.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- A ROS-Responsive and Mucoadhesive Thermosensitive Hydrogel Encapsulated with Mizoribine for Synergistic Dry Eye Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Effects and Safety of Grape Skin Enzyme Fermentation Extract for Eye Fatigue and Dry Eye Symptoms: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Tear Fluid Lymphotoxin-Alpha as a Diagnostic Biomarker for the Stratification of Dry Eye Disease.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Article
- Application of large language models in clinical decision-making for dry eye disease.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety of Reproxalap in Patients With Dry Eye Disease.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Dry Eye Parameters in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Investigating conjunctival immune pathways in Sjögren and non-Sjögren disease associated dry eye.The ocular surface · 2026Article
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past decades, the number of patients with dry eye disease (DED) has increased dramatically. The incidence of DED is higher in Asia than in Europe and North America, suggesting the involvement of cultural or racial factors in DED etiology. Although many definitions of DED have been used, discrepancies exist between the various definitions of dry eye disease (DED) used across the globe. This article presents a clinical consensus on the definition of DED, as formulated in four meetings with global DED experts. The proposed new definition is as follows: "Dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by a persistently unstable and/or deficient tear film (TF) causing discomfort and/or visual impairment, accompanied by variable degrees of ocular surface epitheliopathy, inflammation and neurosensory abnormalities." The key criteria for the diagnosis of DED are unstable TF, inflammation, ocular discomfort and visual impairment. This definition also recommends the assessment of ocular surface epitheliopathy and neurosensory abnormalities in each patient with suspected DED. It is easily applicable in clinical practice and should help practitioners diagnose DED consistently. This consensus definition of DED should also help to guide research and clinical trials that, to date, have been hampered by the lack of an established surrogate endpoint.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.