ArticleCancers2020
Growth Hormone Upregulates Mediators of Melanoma Drug Efflux and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition In Vitro and In Vivo.
Article in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth hormone improves the pregnancy outcomes in poor ovarian responders undergoing in vitro fertilization: an umbrella review.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Pooled it
- A bovine in vitro platform improves species comparability of mitochondrial apoptosis drug-response readouts.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Growth hormone receptor antagonism improves tumoral chemo-immunotherapy response in a mouse model of lung cancer.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Growth Hormone, Not Simply Just a Hormone for Growth.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Targeting Growth Hormone Receptor to Overcome Therapy Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Growth Hormone Signaling in Bladder Cancer: Transcriptomic Profiling of Patient Samples and In Vitro Evidence of Therapy Resistance via ABC Transporters and EMT Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genetic Ancestry and 21-Gene Oncotype DX Breast Cancer Recurrence Scores.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Non-pituitary growth hormone enables colon cell senescence evasion.Aging cell · 2024Article
- Growth Hormone Upregulates Melanoma Drug Resistance and Migration via Melanoma-Derived Exosomes.Cancers · 2024Article
- Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist Markedly Improves Gemcitabine Response in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Human Pancreatic Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Growth hormone and radiation therapy: friend, foe, or both?Endocrine-related cancer · 2024Review
- Logic-based modeling and drug repurposing for the prediction of novel therapeutic targets and combination regimens against E2F1-driven melanoma progression.BMC chemistry · 2023Article
- Landmark Series: The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Study of Breast Cancer Disparities.Annals of surgical oncology · 2023Review
- Role of Estrogen and Estrogen Receptor in GH-Secreting Adenomas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Approach of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) Syndrome-Related Skin Tumors.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Covert actions of growth hormone: fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Safety of growth hormone replacement in survivors of cancer and intracranial and pituitary tumours: a consensus statement.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Review
- Growth hormone receptor antagonism downregulates ATP-binding cassette transporters contributing to improved drug efficacy against melanoma and hepatocarcinomaFrontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Skin anomalies in acromegalic patients (Review of the practical aspects).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and the GH receptor (GHR) are expressed in a wide range of malignant tumors including melanoma. However, the effect of GH/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) on melanoma in vivo has not yet been elucidated. Here we assessed the physical and molecular effects of GH on mouse melanoma B16-F10 and human melanoma SK-MEL-30 cells in vitro. We then corroborated these observations with syngeneic B16-F10 tumors in two mouse lines with different levels of GH/IGF: bovine GH transgenic mice (bGH; high GH, high IGF-1) and GHR gene-disrupted or knockout mice (GHRKO; high GH, low IGF-1). In vitro, GH treatment enhanced mouse and human melanoma cell growth, drug retention and cell invasion. While the in vivo tumor size was unaffected in both bGH and GHRKO mouse lines, multiple drug-efflux pumps were up regulated. This intrinsic capacity of therapy resistance appears to be GH dependent. Additionally, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene transcription markers were significantly upregulated in vivo supporting our current and recent in vitro observations. These syngeneic mouse melanoma models of differential GH/IGF action can be valuable tools in screening for therapeutic options where lowering GH/IGF-1 action is important.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.