ArticleThe Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
Assessing risk factors, mortality, and healthcare utilization associated with Clostridioides difficile infection in four Latin American countries.
Article in The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, recurrence, and mortality in patients withPathogens and global health · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Recurrence and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients withJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association Between Antimicrobials and Pump Proton Inhibitors Consumption with the Incidence of NosocomialAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clostridioides difficile infection, recurrence and the associated healthcare consumption in Sweden between 2006 and 2019: a population-based cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- ImprovingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review of the Impact of Biofilm Formation on RecurrentMicroorganisms · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections in Western countries. Risk factors, mortality, and healthcare utilization for CDI in Latin America are poorly understood. This study assessed risk factors and burden associated with nosocomial CDI in four Latin American countries.
methodsThis retrospective, case-control study used databases and medical records from 8 hospitals in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico to identify nosocomial CDI cases from 2014 - 2017. Cases were patients aged ≥18 years with diarrhea and a positive CDI test ≥72 h after hospital admission. Two controls (without diarrhea; length of hospital stay [LOS] ≥3 days; admitted ±14 days from case patient; shared same ward) were matched to each case. CDI-associated risk factors were assessed by univariate and multivariable analyses. CDI burden (LOS, in-hospital mortality) was compared between cases and controls.
resultsThe study included 481 cases and 962 controls. Mean age and sex were similar between cases and controls, but mean Charlson comorbidity index (4.3 vs 3.6; p < 0.001) and recent hospital admission (35.3% vs 18.8%; p < 0.001) were higher among cases. By multivariable analyses, CDI risk was associated with prior hospital admission within 3 months (odds ratio [OR], 2.08; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.97), recent antibiotic use (ie, carbapenem; OR, 2.85; 95% CI: 1.75, 4.64), acid suppressive therapy use (OR, 1.71; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.58), and medical conditions (ie, renal disease; OR, 1.48; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.85). In-hospital mortality rate (18.7% vs 6.9%; p < 0.001) and mean overall LOS (33.5 vs 18.8 days; p < 0.001) were higher and longer, respectively, in cases versus controls.
conclusionAntibiotic exposure, preexisting medical conditions, and recent hospital admission were major risk factors for CDI in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. CDI was associated with increased in-hospital risk of death and longer LOS. These findings are consistent with published literature in Western countries.
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