ArticlePloS one2020
The side effect profile of Clozapine in real world data of three large mental health hospitals.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of dopamine partial agonist antipsychotics on suicide risk in persons with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Schizophrenia research · 2026Pooled it
- Clozapine and Pneumonia: Synthesizing the Link by Reviewing Existing Reports-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Symptom prevalence and pharmacological management of late-stage Parkinson's disease (LSPD): a cross-sectional, multinational survey.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Article
- Developing the Inpatient Mental Health Pharmaceutical Assessment and Care Tool (IMPACT) for use by UK mental health pharmacy teams-a modified Delphi study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic algorithm for clozapine-induced myocarditis: A systematic review.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Clozapine Efficacy and Adverse Drug Reactions Among a Nationwide Study of 1021 Australians Prescribed Clozapine: The ClozaGene Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Analysis of Strong Opioid Side Effects in Palliative Care Using the SIDER Database.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Role of Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Narrative Synthesis of Clinical, Economic, and Quality-of-Life Outcomes.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- Transparency in the existence, use, and output of a mental health data resource: a descriptive paper from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) Platform.International journal of population data science · 2025Article
- Clozapine for Patients With Intellectual Disabilities: A Case Series Illustrating the Clinical Potentials.Case reports in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Intricate mechanism of anxiety disorder, recognizing the potential role of gut microbiota and therapeutic interventions.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Review
- Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Nano-Bilosomal In Situ Gels Containing Anti-Psychotic Clozapine for Treatment of Schizophrenia: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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- Article
- Patient safety: adverse effects of Clozapine and their management at the Psychiatric Hospital Ghrasia in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Journal of medicine and life · 2023Article
- Learning Multi-Types of Neighbor Node Attributes and Semantics by Heterogeneous Graph Transformer and Multi-View Attention for Drug-Related Side-Effect Prediction.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Metabolic Adverse Effects of Psychotropic Drug Therapy: A Systematic Review.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2023Review
- Dropout rates and reasons for dropout among patients receiving clozapine.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Reflections on the Lack of Consideration of Ethnic Ancestry to Stratify Clozapine Dosing.Psychiatry investigation · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMining the data contained within Electronic Health Records (EHRs) can potentially generate a greater understanding of medication effects in the real world, complementing what we know from Randomised control trials (RCTs). We Propose a text mining approach to detect adverse events and medication episodes from the clinical text to enhance our understanding of adverse effects related to Clozapine, the most effective antipsychotic drug for the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but underutilised due to concerns over its side effects. MATERIAL AND
methodsWe used data from de-identified EHRs of three mental health trusts in the UK (>50 million documents, over 500,000 patients, 2835 of which were prescribed Clozapine). We explored the prevalence of 33 adverse effects by age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status and admission type three months before and after the patients started Clozapine treatment. Where possible, we compared the prevalence of adverse effects with those reported in the Side Effects Resource (SIDER).
resultsSedation, fatigue, agitation, dizziness, hypersalivation, weight gain, tachycardia, headache, constipation and confusion were amongst the highest recorded Clozapine adverse effect in the three months following the start of treatment. Higher percentages of all adverse effects were found in the first month of Clozapine therapy. Using a significance level of (p< 0.05) our chi-square tests show a significant association between most of the ADRs and smoking status and hospital admission, and some in gender, ethnicity and age groups in all trusts hospitals. Later we combined the data from the three trusts hospitals to estimate the average effect of ADRs in each monthly interval. In gender and ethnicity, the results show significant association in 7 out of 33 ADRs, smoking status shows significant association in 21 out of 33 ADRs and hospital admission shows the significant association in 30 out of 33 ADRs.
conclusionA better understanding of how drugs work in the real world can complement clinical trials.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.