ArticlePloS one2020
From anxiety to action-Experience of threat, emotional states, reactance, and action preferences in the early days of COVID-19 self-isolation in Germany and Austria.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Disability transitions and life expectancy: a national longitudinal study on social isolation and loneliness in China.Global health action · 2026Article
- Social isolation, loneliness, and functional disability in Chinese older women and men: a longitudinal cross-lag analysis.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Do Italian people still wear masks? Analysis of personality and dispositional correlates of facemask use in post Covid-19 scenario.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Unveiling the influence of the Italian mafia as a Dark Triad threat on individuals' affective states and the power of defense mechanisms.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Does threat trigger prosociality? The relation between basic individual values, threat appraisals, and prosocial helping intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Digital and physical factors influencing an individual's preventive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan: A perspective based on the S-O-R model.Computers in human behavior · 2023Article
- A Threat-and-Defense Perspective on the Psychological Dynamics Behind the Covid-19 Pandemic.International review of social psychology · 2023Article
- A four-level meta-analytic review of the relationship between social media and well-being: a fresh perspective in the context of COVID-19.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2022Article
- [Resistance against preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: causes and strategies for minimization].Pravention und Gesundheitsforderung · 2022Review
- Economic insecurity and compliance with the COVID-19 restrictions.European journal of social psychology · 2022Article
- Unveiling the effects of consumers' psychological distance on their reactance and related behavioral outcomes: Do lockdown restrictions matter?Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Exploring the landscape of psychological threat: A cartography of threats and threat responses.Social and personality psychology compass · 2021Article
- Antecedents of Individuals' Concerns Regarding Hospital Hygiene and Surgery Postponement During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional, Web-Based Survey Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has interrupted everyday life virtually everywhere in the world, enabling real-life research on threat-and-defense processes. In a survey conducted within the first days of implementing social distancing measures in Austria and Germany, we aimed to explore the pathways from threat perception to preferences of defense strategies. We found that anxiety, approach-related affect, and reactance were specifically elicited by motivational (vs. epistemic) discrepancies. In a second step, we tested the mediating effect of anxiety, approach-related affect, and reactance on preferences regarding personal-social and concrete-abstract defenses. Experiencing anxiety was related to interest in security-related actions, and approach-affect was related to both personal projects and social media use. Participants experiencing reactance were more inclined to pursue personal projects (personal-abstract) and less interested in security-related (personal-concrete) actions. They also showed marginally lower system justification (social-abstract). Additionally, we examined the relationship of loneliness with defense strategies, showing that loneliness was associated with lower system justification and security behaviors. The results suggest that individuals deal with threat in their own ways, mostly depending on affective state and motivational orientation: Anxiety was related to security, approach-state to action (both social and personal), reactance to derogation of the system and disregard for security, while loneliness was associated with inaction.
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