Transplantation of rat pancreatic islets vitrified-warmed on the nylon mesh device and the silk fibroin sponge disc.

We report the adaptability of rat islets vitrified-warmed on nylon mesh (NM) device or silk fibroin (SF) sponge disc for the normalization of the blood glucose level in rat models of diabetes. One-hundred rat islets were cryopreserved according to a minimum volume cooling protocol on an NM device or a solid surface vitrification protocol on an SF sponge disc. The recovery rate (97.1% vs. 93.8%), the viability (77.9% vs. 74.4%), and the stimulation index (4.7 vs. 4.2) in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay of the post-warm islets were comparable between the NM vitrification and the SF vitrification groups. The viability and the stimulation index of the fresh control islets were identified to be 97.5% and 6.5, respectively. Eight hundred islets from the NM or the SF vitrification group or the fresh control group were transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat (blood glucose level > 350 mg/dl). Within 3 weeks after transplantation, the acquisition of euglycemia (< 200 mg/dl) was observed in recipient rats (80.0-83.3%). An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test on Day-30 and Day-60 showed similar 2-h responses to the glucose uptake of cured rats among the compared groups. Moreover, the successful engraftment of transplants was confirmed by the Day-70 nephrectomy through the subsequent diabetes reversal and histological evaluation. Thus, large quantities of rat islets vitrified-warmed on an NM device or an SF sponge disc were proven to be fully functional both in vitro and in vivo, due to the GSIS and syngeneic transplantation, respectively.