ReviewJournal of medical virology2021
Hidden in plain sight: The effects of BCG vaccination in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Review in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- The human retroviral-like aspartic protease 1 (ASPRV1): From in vitro studies to clinical correlations.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Review
- Bacille-Calmette-Guerin modulates human macrophage and dendritic cell response to SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein.Infectious medicine · 2023Article
- Comprehensive analysis of pathways in Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) using an unsupervised machine learning method.Applied soft computing · 2022Article
- Knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 Epitopes and Population HLA Types Is Important in the Design of COVID-19 Vaccines.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Systems biology models to identify the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infections to the progression of human autoimmune diseases.Informatics in medicine unlocked · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and Beyond: Exploring Public Health Benefits from Non-Specific Effects of BCG Vaccination.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Using informative features in machine learning based method for COVID-19 drug repurposing.Journal of cheminformatics · 2021Article
- Non-Coding RNAs in COVID-19: Emerging Insights and Current Questions.Non-coding RNA · 2021Review
- COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2 specific vaccines and challenges, protection via BCG trained immunity, and clinical trials.Expert review of vaccines · 2021Review
- Hidden in plain sight: The effects of BCG vaccination in the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of medical virology · 2021Review
- COVID-19 Infection and Previous BCG Vaccination Coverage in the Ecuadorian Population.Vaccines · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 by a bioinformatics approach, two datasets for the SARS-CoV-2 infection group and BCG-vaccinated group were downloaded. Differentially Expressed Genes were identified. Gene ontology and pathways were functionally enriched, and networking was constructed in NetworkAnalyst. Lastly, the correlation between post-BCG vaccination and COVID-19 transcriptome signatures was established. A total of 161 DEGs (113 upregulated DEGs and 48 downregulated genes) were identified in the SARS-CoV-2 group. In the pathway enrichment analysis, a cross-reference of upregulated Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways in SARS-CoV-2 with downregulated counterparts in the BCG-vaccinated group, resulted in the intersection of 45 common pathways, accounting for 86.5% of SARS-CoV-2 upregulated pathways. Of these intersecting pathways, a vast majority were immune and inflammatory pathways with top significance in interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, NOD-like receptors, and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. Given the inverse relationship of the specific differentially expressed gene pathways highlighted in our results, the BCG-vaccine may play a protective role against COVID-19 by mounting a nonspecific immunological response and further investigation of this relationship is warranted.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.