ArticleBiotechnology and bioengineering2021
High- and low-molecular-weight chitosan act as adjuvants during single-dose influenza A virus protein vaccination through distinct mechanisms.
Article in Biotechnology and bioengineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chitosan nanoparticles for mucosal and needle-free vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Amphiphilic Chitosan-PEI Hybrid Nanocarrier Enhances Delivery Efficiency and Immunogenicity of PEDV mRNA Vaccines.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Chitosan as a Vaccine Adjuvant: From Material Determinants to Innate Immune Activation and Formulation Optimization.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Chitosan immunomodulation: insights into mechanisms of action on immune cells and signaling pathways.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Beyond Needles: Immunomodulatory Hydrogel-Guided Vaccine Delivery Systems.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Applications of Chitosan in Prevention and Treatment Strategies of Infectious Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Review
- The next-generation DNA vaccine platforms and delivery systems: advances, challenges and prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Quaternization of high molecular weight chitosan for increasing intestinal drug absorption using Caco-2 cells as an in vitro intestinal model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Development and Evaluation of a Novel Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Phytosome for Nasal Vaccination.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Novel Vaccine Adjuvants as Key Tools for Improving Pandemic Preparedness.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- High- and low-molecular-weight chitosan act as adjuvants during single-dose influenza A virus protein vaccination through distinct mechanisms.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The investigation of new adjuvants is essential for the development of efficacious vaccines. Chitosan (CS), a derivative of chitin, has been shown to act as an adjuvant, improving vaccine-induced immune responses. However, the effect of CS molecular weight (MW) on this adjuvanticity has not been investigated, despite MW having been shown to impact CS biological properties. Here, two MW variants of CS were investigated for their ability to enhance vaccine-elicited immune responses in vitro and in vivo, using a single-dose influenza A virus (IAV) protein vaccine model. Both low-molecular-weight (LMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) CS-induced interferon regulatory factor pathway signaling, antigen-presenting cell activation, and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) production, with LMW inducing higher mRNA levels at 24 h and HMW elevating mRNA responses at 48 h. LMW and HMW CS also induced adaptive immune responses after vaccination, indicated by enhanced immunoglobulin G production in mice receiving LMW CS and increased CD4 interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-2 production in mice receiving HMW CS. Importantly, both LMW and HMW CS adjuvantation reduced morbidity following homologous IAV challenge. Taken together, these results support that LMW and HMW CS can act as adjuvants, although this protection may be mediated through distinct mechanisms based on CS MW.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.