ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Cortical volume abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder: an ENIGMA-psychiatric genomics consortium PTSD workgroup mega-analysis.
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In one paragraph
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural Covariance of Early Visual Cortex Is Negatively Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA PTSD Working Group.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Pooled it
- A whole-brain voxel-based analysis of structural abnormalities in PTSD: An ENIGMA-PGC study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Functional brain changes after alternative pharmacological interventions in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of clinical trials.Brain and behavior · 2023Pooled it
- Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Pooled it
- Network Centrality and Modularity of Structural Covariance Networks in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Multisite ENIGMA-PGC Study.Brain connectivity · 2023Pooled it
- Remodeling of the Cortical Structural Connectome in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Results From the ENIGMA-PGC Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Consortium.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Pooled it
- Does trauma-focused psychotherapy change the brain? A systematic review of neural correlates of therapeutic gains in PTSD.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2021Pooled it
- Connectivity patterns in the DMN that are impacted by traumatic stress.Research square · 2026Article
- Reduced Gray-White Matter Contrast in Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in World Trade Center Responders.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Lower Gyrification of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An ENIGMA-PTSD Study.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Cerebral small vessel disease moderates the association between executive dysfunction and spontaneous neural activity in adults who lost their only child.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Using in vivo MRI to reveal circuits that are sensitive to traumatic stress in male and female rats.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- MRI signature of brain age underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in World Trade Center responders.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- The overlapping genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders and cortical brain structure.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- The Left Insula Bridges Cognition, Emotion, and Brain Structure: A Multilayer Network Analysis of the Human Connectome Project-Young Adult.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Stress-Related Brain Alterations in Chronic Pain.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging-based variability in subtyping biomarkers for psychiatric heterogeneity.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts on STRESS, PTSD, and Prefrontal Cortical Thickness in Pre-Pandemic Trauma Survivors.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization and evidence, and future research directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Macroscale connectome topographical structure reveals the biomechanisms of brain dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.Science advances · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
97 authors at 20 institutions in 11 countries.
Xin WangDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA. xin.wang2@utoledo.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1524-2902
Hong XieDepartment of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Tian ChenDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Andrew S CottonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Lauren E SalminenImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Mark W LogueNational Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
Emily K Clarke-RubrightBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3553-2990
John WallDepartment of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Emily L DennisImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Brian M O'LearyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Chadi G AbdallahClinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5783-6181
Elpiniki AndrewUniversity of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Lee A BaughDivision of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
Jessica BomyeaCenter of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
Steven E BruceCenter for Trauma Recovery, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Richard BryantSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-819X
Kyle ChoiHealth Services Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Judith K DanielsDepartment of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Nicholas D DavenportMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Richard J DavidsonCenter for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8506-4964
Michael DeBellisDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Terri deRoon-CassiniDepartment of Surgery, Division of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Seth G DisnerMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-9421
Negar FaniDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-252X
Kelene A FerchoDivision of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
Jacklynn FitzgeraldDepartment of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Gina L ForsterDivision of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
Jessie L FrijlingDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Elbert GeuzeBrain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3479-2379
Hassaan GomaaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Evan M GordonDepartment of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Dan GrupeDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-7572
Ilan Harpaz-RotemClinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6066-9406
Courtney C HaswellBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Julia I HerzogDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8326-5466
David HofmannInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Michael HollifieldProgram for Traumatic Stress, Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Bobak HosseiniDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Anna R HudsonDepartment of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Jonathan IpserDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-8950
Tanja JovanovicDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Milissa L KaufmanDivision of Women's Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
Anthony P KingDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0764-9625
Saskia B J KochDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-6712
Inga K KoertePsychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-9286
Mayuresh S KorgaonkarBrain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-2221
John H KrystalClinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-1726
Christine LarsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Lauren A M LeboisDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-9181
Ifat LevyClinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7851-9070
Gen LiInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Vincent A MagnottaDepartments of Radiology, Psychiatry, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Antje MantheyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Geoffrey MayVISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Doris Miller VA Medical Center, Waco, TX, USA.
Katie A McLaughlinDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Sven C MuellerDepartment of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1661-3840
Laura NawijnDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Steven M NelsonVISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Doris Miller VA Medical Center, Waco, TX, USA.
Yuval NeriaDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Jack B NitschkeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Miranda OlffDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Elizabeth A OlsonDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Matthew PeverillDepartment of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
K Luan PhanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Faisal M RashidImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Kerry ResslerDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-1103
Isabelle M RossoDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Kelly SambrookDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Christian SchmahlDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Martha E ShentonDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Anika SierkCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Jeffrey S SimonsSioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Raluca M SimonsCenter for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
Scott R SponheimMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2782-0856
Murray B SteinDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-2871
Dan J SteinSAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810
Jennifer S StevensDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-0314
Thomas StraubeInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Benjamin Suarez-JimenezDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4765-2458
Marijo TamburrinoDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-8347
Sophia I ThomopoulosImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Nic J A van der WeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Steven J A van der WerffDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Theo G M van ErpClinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-2797
Sanne J H van RooijDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0160-7248
Mirjam van ZuidenDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Tim VarkevisserBrain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Dick J VeltmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Robert R J M VermeirenChild and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henrik WalterCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-6121
Li WangDepartment of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1459-3412
Ye ZhuInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xi ZhuDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Rajendra A MoreyBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Israel LiberzonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-556X
University of Toledo · USHarvard University · USUniversity of Southern California · USAmsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam · NLDuke University · USUniversity of South Dakota · USYale University · USColumbia University Irving Medical Center · USEmory University · USHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin · DEInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences · CNLeiden University Medical Center · NLUniversity of California San Diego · USUniversity of Minnesota · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · USBaylor University · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USThe University of Sydney · AUUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NLUniversity of Münster · DE
Funding
Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9MUniversity of California Health Participation in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)UL1TR001414 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M, VILAIN, ERIC J. · 2015 to 2023
$35.1MAtlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI) RenewalUL1TR000454 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI STEPHENS, DAVID S · 2012 to 2016
$25.8MWISCONSIN CENTER ON MENTAL RETARDATION: CORE SUPPORTP30HD003352 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DAVIDSON, RICHARD J · 1985 to 2015
$25.2MX LINKED NYSTAGMUS SYNDROME WITH FEATURES OF ALBINISMM01RR000039 · NCRR · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI QUYYUMI, ARSHED A · 1985 to 2007
$21.3MTR&D3: Intrinsic Surface MappingP41EB015922 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI VAN HORN, JOHN DARRELL · 2012 to 2022
$14.1MInstitute for Clinical and Translational ScienceUL1TR000153 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M · 2012 to 2015
$12.1MTRAINING PROGRAM IN EMOTION RESEARCHT32MH018931 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Richard J Davidson · 1989 to 2026
$11.6MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MNCANDA Research Project Site: DukeU01AA021681 · NIAAA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI DAVID B. GOLDSTON · 2012 to 2026
$9.8MNeural Substrates of Affective Style and Emotion RegulationR01MH043454 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DAVIDSON, RICHARD J, SCHAEFER, STACEY M · 1989 to 2022
$9.6MGenetic and Trauma-Related Risk Factors for PTSDR01MH071537 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RESSLER, KERRY J. · 2005 to 2014
$8.5MCSRD VA IK2 CX001600CSRD VA IK2 CX001680NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000454NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001414NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000039NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA012479NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA021681NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059874NIA NIH HHS R56 AG058854NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015922NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD085850NICHD NIH HHS P30 HD003352NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD071982NIDA NIH HHS K24 DA028773NIMH NIH HHS F32 MH109274NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH118428NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH118467NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH122774NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH090366NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH101380NIMH NIH HHS K24 MH071434NIMH NIH HHS L30 MH114379NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH043454NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH061744NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH063407NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH071537NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH096987NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH103291NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH105355NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH105535NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH110483NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111671NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116147NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117601NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH131532NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH097196NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH098198NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH098212NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH102634NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH112956NIMH NIH HHS R56 MH071537NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018931NINDS NIH HHS K99 NS096116RRD VA I01 RX000622RRD VA IK1 RX002325RRD VA IK2 RX000709RRD VA IK2 RX002922
Abstract
Studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report volume abnormalities in multiple regions of the cerebral cortex. However, findings for many regions, particularly regions outside commonly studied emotion-related prefrontal, insular, and limbic regions, are inconsistent and tentative. Also, few studies address the possibility that PTSD abnormalities may be confounded by comorbid depression. A mega-analysis investigating all cortical regions in a large sample of PTSD and control subjects can potentially provide new insight into these issues. Given this perspective, our group aggregated regional volumes data of 68 cortical regions across both hemispheres from 1379 PTSD patients to 2192 controls without PTSD after data were processed by 32 international laboratories using ENIGMA standardized procedures. We examined whether regional cortical volumes were different in PTSD vs. controls, were associated with posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity, or were affected by comorbid depression. Volumes of left and right lateral orbitofrontal gyri (LOFG), left superior temporal gyrus, and right insular, lingual and superior parietal gyri were significantly smaller, on average, in PTSD patients than controls (standardized coefficients = -0.111 to -0.068, FDR corrected P values < 0.039) and were significantly negatively correlated with PTSS severity. After adjusting for depression symptoms, the PTSD findings in left and right LOFG remained significant. These findings indicate that cortical volumes in PTSD patients are smaller in prefrontal regulatory regions, as well as in broader emotion and sensory processing cortical regions.
Indexed as
Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticCerebral CortexGenomicsHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingTemporal Lobe
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