ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
The plasticity of well-being: A training-based framework for the cultivation of human flourishing.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- How do aspects of selfhood relate to depression and anxiety among youth? A meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Feasibility of a Mobile App-Delivered Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Caregiver Stress.The Gerontologist · 2025Trial
- The effects of short video app-guided loving-kindness meditation on interpersonal mindfulness, empathy, collaboration, affect, and workplace well-being among working professionals.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Mindfulness and connection training during preservice teacher education reduces early career teacher attrition 4 years later.Journal of school psychology · 2024Trial
- Meditation dosage predicts self- and teacher-perceived responsiveness to an 18-month randomised controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Meditating on psychedelics. A randomized placebo-controlled study of DMT and harmine in a mindfulness retreat.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Trial
- Does it matter how meditation feels? An experience sampling study.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2024Trial
- A Web-Based Intervention Using "Five Ways to Wellbeing" to Promote Well-Being and Mental Health: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2024Trial
- How often should I meditate? A randomized trial examining the role of meditation frequency when total amount of meditation is held constant.Journal of counseling psychology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Personalized Prediction of Response to Smartphone-Delivered Meditation Training: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Trial
- Alliance With an Unguided Smartphone App: Validation of the Digital Working Alliance Inventory.Assessment · 2022Trial
- Developing meditation practice in individuals with elevated psychological distress via a meditation app intervention: An implementation science-informed qualitative investigation of barriers and facilitators.Psychological services · 2026Article
- Observational
- Article
- Development and validation of single-item experience sampling measures of wellbeing in teens.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Adolescent wellbeing is associated with positive outcomes in early adulthood in a sibling comparison study.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Sitting and Active Meditation Practice: Utilization and Associations with Outcomes in Naturalistic and Clinical Trial Data.Mindfulness · 2026Article
- Contemplative Training to Bolster University Employees' Mental Health, Well-Being, and Workplace Wellness: A Prospective Observational Study.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Observational
- Considerations for Co-creating a Culture of Well-being at your Medical Institution.Medical science educator · 2026Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Research indicates that core dimensions of psychological well-being can be cultivated through intentional mental training. Despite growing research in this area and an increasing number of interventions designed to improve psychological well-being, the field lacks a unifying framework that clarifies the dimensions of human flourishing that can be cultivated. Here, we integrate evidence from well-being research, cognitive and affective neuroscience, and clinical psychology to highlight four core dimensions of well-being-awareness, connection, insight, and purpose. We discuss the importance of each dimension for psychological well-being, identify mechanisms that underlie their cultivation, and present evidence of their neural and psychological plasticity. This synthesis highlights key insights, as well as important gaps, in the scientific understanding of well-being and how it may be cultivated, thus highlighting future research directions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.