ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Stable maintenance of multiple representational formats in human visual short-term memory.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sleep strengthens successor representations of learned sequences in humans.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Data-In-situ Computing with One-Pixel-Multiple-Memristor Architecture for Neuromorphic Sequential Vision.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Slow-wave sleep and REM sleep differentially contribute to memory representational transformation.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Associating everything with everything else, all at once: Semantic associations facilitate visual working memory formation for real-world objects.Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Language Information Representation within the Left Inferior Parietal Lobule Network: An Intracranial SEEG Study.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Task-relevant representational spaces in human memory traces.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Recurrence affects the geometry of visual representations across the ventral visual stream in the human brain.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Involuntary and voluntary memory retrieval relies on distinct neural representations and oscillatory processes.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- From Correlation to Causation: Understanding Episodic Memory Networks.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Electrophysiological signatures underlying variability in human memory consolidation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Reinstatement and transformation of memory traces for recognition.Science advances · 2025Article
- Simultaneous intracranial recordings of interacting brains reveal neurocognitive dynamics of human cooperation.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Maintenance and transformation of representational formats during working memory prioritization.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Reconstructing Spatiotemporal Trajectories of Visual Object Memories in the Human Brain.eNeuro · 2024Article
- Inter-individual variability (but intra-individual stability) of overt versus covert rehearsal strategies in a digital Corsi task.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- Goal-directed attention transforms both working and long-term memory representations in the human parietal cortex.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Long-Term Bridge Training Induces Functional Plasticity Changes in the Brain of Early-Adult Individuals.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Neural evidence for attentional capture by salient distractors.Nature human behaviour · 2024Article
- Representational formats of human memory traces.Brain structure & function · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Visual short-term memory (VSTM) enables humans to form a stable and coherent representation of the external world. However, the nature and temporal dynamics of the neural representations in VSTM that support this stability are barely understood. Here we combined human intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings with analyses using deep neural networks and semantic models to probe the representational format and temporal dynamics of information in VSTM. We found clear evidence that VSTM maintenance occurred in two distinct representational formats which originated from different encoding periods. The first format derived from an early encoding period (250 to 770 ms) corresponded to higher-order visual representations. The second format originated from a late encoding period (1,000 to 1,980 ms) and contained abstract semantic representations. These representational formats were overall stable during maintenance, with no consistent transformation across time. Nevertheless, maintenance of both representational formats showed substantial arrhythmic fluctuations, i.e., waxing and waning in irregular intervals. The increases of the maintained representational formats were specific to the phases of hippocampal low-frequency activity. Our results demonstrate that human VSTM simultaneously maintains representations at different levels of processing, from higher-order visual information to abstract semantic representations, which are stably maintained via coupling to hippocampal low-frequency activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.