ArticleBMC public health2020
Proximate, intermediate, and distal predictors of under-five mortality in Chad: analysis of the 2014-15 Chad demographic and health survey data.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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21 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-risk fertility behavior among reproductive age women in extremely high and very high maternal mortality sub-Saharan African countries.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Article
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- When conflict meets political exclusion: Ethnicity, governance, and child mortality.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Child Mortality and Nutritional Risks in Rural Chad: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Béré.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Risk factors of under-five mortality in Tanzania: insights from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2022.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Rural-urban differentials in women empowerment and experience of under-five mortality among mothers in Nigeria: a Multiple Indicator Survey analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
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- Rift Valley fever seroprevalence and risk factors among human populations in Uganda's cattle corridor: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Influence of demographic, socioeconomic and geographical variability on children under-five mortality in The Gambia: an application of survival analysis.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Under-Five Mortality and Associated Risk Factors in Children Hospitalized at David Bernardino Pediatric Hospital (DBPH), Angola: A Hierarchical Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Time to death and its determinants of under-five children in rural Ethiopia by using shared frailty.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Assessment of Neonatal Mortality and Associated Hospital-Related Factors in Healthcare Facilities Within Sunyani and Sunyani West Municipal Assemblies in Bono Region, Ghana.Health services insights · 2024Article
- Determinants of under-five mortality in Ethiopia using the recent 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data: nested shared frailty survival analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Decomposition of factors associated with housing material inequality in under-five deaths in low and middle-income countries.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Trends and Factors Associated with Under-5 Mortality in Northwest Nigeria (2008-2018).Annals of global health · 2022Article
- Under-5 mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: is maternal age at first childbirth below 20 years a risk factor?BMJ open · 2021Article
- Under-5 Mortality and Its Associated Factors in Northern Nigeria: Evidence from 22,455 Singleton Live Births (2013-2018).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Maternal age at first childbirth and under-five morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of cross-sectional data of 32 countries.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnder-five mortality in Chad reached a minimum value of 119 deaths per 1000 live births in 2018, compared with a maximum of 250 in 1972. Despite this decline in the mortality trend, for every six children in Chad, one dies before the age of five. This study, therefore, investigated the proximate, intermediate, and distal determinants of under-five mortality in Chad.
methodsWe used data from the 2014-15 Chad's Demographic and Health Survey. Data of 7782 children below 5 years were used for the study. Both descriptive and multivariable hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05.
resultsUnder-five mortality was found to be 130 deaths per 1000 live births in Chad, with variations across the various population sub-groups. For distal predictors, the likelihood of death was higher in children born in the FChari Baguirmi region (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.81-8.14). Children whose mothers belonged to the Baguirmi/Barma ethnic group (AOR = 8.04, 95% CI: 1.75-36.99) were more likely to die before the age of five. On the contrary, the likelihood of under-five mortality was low among children born in rural areas (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.97). With the intermediate predictors, the likelihood of under-five deaths was higher among children whose mothers had no formal education (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.06-2.77). Regarding the proximate predictors, the odds of under-five deaths was higher among male children (AOR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.05-1.63) and first rank children (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.13-2.21).
conclusionThe study found that the determinants of under-five mortality in Chad are region of residence, place of residence, ethnicity, education, sex of child, and birth rank. These findings show that both socio-economic and proximate factors explain the disparities in under-five mortality in Chad. The identification of these factors can be pivotal towards the design of evidence-based interventions intended to improve child survival. Therefore, improving maternal education while refocusing and re-packaging existing strategies to target selected sub-regional populations with high under-five mortality is urgently required.
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