ArticleBMC public health2020
A mixed-methods study of pesticide exposures in Breastmilk and Community & Lactating Women's perspectives from Haryana, India.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Screening, characterization and optimization of potential dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) degrading fungi.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Investigating the levels of organochlorine pesticides in human milk at three lactational stages: an intensive Ghanaian study.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2024Article
- Article
- The Preventive Effects of Salubrinal against Pyrethroid-Induced Disruption of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Additives in Children's Nutrition-A Review of Current Events.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Article
- Acute toxicity and biomarker responses in Gammarus locusta amphipods exposed to copper, cadmium, and the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPopulation growth which has resulted in a need for increased crop yields to sustain food security, in addition to the effects of climate change, have led to the widespread use of chemical pesticides. The indiscriminate use of pesticides has in turn led to contamination of the environment, food commodities and bioaccumulation in human tissues, particularly in agrarian regions of India including the northern state of Haryana.
methodsWe conducted a pilot screening study to investigate the presence of organochlorine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid pesticides in breastmilk samples (n = 75) from Haryana, India. Pesticide analyses were conducted using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for OC and OP pesticides and GC-electron capture detector for pyrethroids. The study was complemented by a qualitative evaluation of maternal and community perceptions, knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with pesticide use and risk of exposure (n = 30 in-depth interviews; n = 9 focus group discussions).
resultsAnalysis of breastmilk showed the presence of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in 4% (range: <LOQ - 28 μg/L) and 5% (range: < LOQ - 107 μg/L) of samples, respectively. No other pesticides were detected. Our qualitative findings showed that community members commonly held perceptions of pesticides as medicines and poison but acknowledged their widespread use to ensure crop yields. Given the gendered engagement in farming in this setting, lactating women in study communities do not directly handle chemical pesticides, thus lowering risk of inhalation and dermal exposure.
conclusionsIn our small sample, breastmilk pesticide concentrations were low and did not pose a risk to infants. Based on the persistent nature of many organic pollutants and reported widespread use, we recommend more comprehensive and longitudinal investigation of upstream pesticide contamination in the food supply and exposures among mothers and children.
trial registrationCTRI/2017/01/007636 , Date Registered: 06/01/2017. CTRI website: http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=17249&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2717249det%27.
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