Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2020
Associations of Observational and Genetically Determined Caffeine Intake With Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutritional Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the European Union: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Genome-wide characterization of 54 urinary metabolites reveals molecular impact of kidney function.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Potential genetic association between coffee/caffeine consumption and erectile dysfunction: a Mendelian randomization study and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Genetic association between coffee/caffeine consumption and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea in the European population: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.European journal of nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Appraising the Causal Role of Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study of delay discounting identifies 11 loci and reveals transdiagnostic associations across mental and physical health.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Caffeine intake and late dry age-related macular degeneration: tea's protective role-insights from NHANES and Mendelian randomization.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Association Between Caffeine Intake and Mortality Among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Study.Current medical science · 2026Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Caffeine Consumption, Caffeine Metabolism, and Sleep Behaviours: A Mendelian Randomisation Study.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Exploring the Mechanisms Linking Depression and Glaucoma: A Cohort Study of UK Biobank.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Coffee Consumption Is Associated With Later Age-at-Onset of Parkinson's Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Caffeine Acts as an Agonist of Siglec-6, Inhibits MRGPRX2-Triggered Mast Cell Degranulation and Anaphylactoid Reactions.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Comparison of caffeine consumption behavior with plasma caffeine levels as exposure measures in drug-target mendelian randomization.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Association of theHeliyon · 2024Article
- Genome-wide association studies of coffee intake in UK/US participants of European ancestry uncover cohort-specific genetic associations.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Effect of coffee, tea and alcohol intake on circulating inflammatory cytokines: a two sample-Mendelian randomization study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Caffeine regulates both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation via the AKT, NF-κB, and MAPK pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Beverages - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2024Article
- The role of coffee and potential mediators in subclinical atherosclerosis: insights from Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Caffeine and Arrhythmias: A Critical Analysis of Cardiovascular Responses and Arrhythmia Susceptibility.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant and is associated with lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether these associations are causal remains unknown. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with caffeine intake, and to investigate evidence for causal links with CAD or T2DM. In addition, we aimed to replicate previous observational findings. Methods and Results Observational associations were tested within UK Biobank using Cox regression analyses. Moderate observational caffeine intakes from coffee or tea were associated with lower risks of CAD or T2DM, with the lowest risks at intakes of 121 to 180 mg/day from coffee for CAD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73-0.82;
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.