ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Entropy Derived from Causality.
Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Sequential Markov Probabilistic Aggregation Algorithm for Causal Emergence in Markov Aggregation.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Unitary Entities Are the True "Atoms".Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Complex Time Approach to the Hamiltonian and the Entropy Production of the Damped Harmonic Oscillator.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring Causal Network Complexity in Industrial Linkages: A Comparative Study.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Self-Organisation of Prediction Models.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Rotating Minimal Thermodynamic Systems.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Entropy-Based Behavioural Efficiency of the Financial Market.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Causality in Discrete Time Physics Derived from Maupertuis Reduced Action Principle.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- On the Entropy of a One-Dimensional Gas with and without Mixing Using Sinai Billiard.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Matter of Time.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Timelessness Strictly inside the Quantum Realm.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The second law of thermodynamics, with its positive change of entropy for a system not in equilibrium, defines an arrow of time. Interestingly, also, causality, which is the connection between a cause and an effect, requests a direction of time by definition. It is noted that no other standard physical theories show this property. It is the attempt of this work to connect causality with entropy, which is possible by defining time as the metric of causality. Under this consideration that time appears only through a cause-effect relationship ("measured", typically, in an apparatus called clock), it is demonstrated that time must be discrete in nature and cannot be continuous as assumed in all standard theories of physics including general and special relativity, and classical physics. The following lines of reasoning include: (i) (mechanical) causality requests that the cause must precede its effect (i.e., antecedence) requesting a discrete time interval >0. (ii) An infinitely small time step d t > 0 is thereby not sufficient to distinguish between cause and effect as a mathematical relationship between the two (i.e., Poisson bracket) will commute at a time interval d t , while not evidently within discrete time steps Δ t . As a consequence of a discrete time, entropy emerges (Riek, 2014) connecting causality and entropy to each other.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.