Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33286104›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2020

Permutation Entropy as a Measure of Information Gain/Loss in the Different Symbolic Descriptions of Financial Data.

Jan Kozak, Krzysztof Kania, Przemysław Juszczuk

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jan KozakFaculty of Informatics and Communication; Department of Knowledge Engineering, University of Economics, 1 Maja 50, 40-287 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2128-6998
Krzysztof KaniaFaculty of Informatics and Communication; Department of Knowledge Engineering, University of Economics, 1 Maja 50, 40-287 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-7123-6972
Przemysław JuszczukFaculty of Informatics and Communication; Department of Knowledge Engineering, University of Economics, 1 Maja 50, 40-287 Katowice, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Financial markets give a large number of trading opportunities. However, over-complicated systems make it very difficult to be effectively used by decision-makers. Volatility and noise present in the markets evoke a need to simplify the market picture derived for the decision-makers. Symbolic representation fits in this concept and greatly reduces data complexity. However, at the same time, some information from the market is lost. Our motivation is to answer the question: What is the impact of introducing different data representation on the overall amount of information derived for the decision-maker? We concentrate on the possibility of using entropy as a measure of the information gain/loss for the financial data, and as a basic form, we assume permutation entropy with later modifications. We investigate different symbolic representations and compare them with classical data representation in terms of entropy. The real-world data covering the time span of 10 years are used in the experiments. The results and the statistical verification show that extending the symbolic description of the time series does not affect the permutation entropy values.

Indexed as

forex marketpermutation entropysymbolic analysissymbolic data

Identifiers

PMID33286104
PMCPMC7516788

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.