Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33285901›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2020

A Standardized Project Gutenberg Corpus for Statistical Analysis of Natural Language and Quantitative Linguistics.

Martin Gerlach, Francesc Font-Clos

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Semantic change in adults is not primarily a generational phenomenon.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. The dynamics of higher-order novelties.Nature communications · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. PHONEME-LEVEL BERT FOR ENHANCED PROSODY OF TEXT-TO-SPEECH WITH GRAPHEME PREDICTIONS.Proceedings of the ... IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. ICASSP (Conference) · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. A Note on the Reproducibility of Chaos Simulation.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020
    Article
  13. Information Theory and Language.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020
    Article
  14. Article
  15. From Boltzmann to Zipf through Shannon and Jaynes.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Martin GerlachDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0879-7865
Francesc Font-ClosCenter for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4938-2452

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of Project Gutenberg (PG) as a text corpus has been extremely popular in statistical analysis of language for more than 25 years. However, in contrast to other major linguistic datasets of similar importance, no consensual full version of PG exists to date. In fact, most PG studies so far either consider only a small number of manually selected books, leading to potential biased subsets, or employ vastly different pre-processing strategies (often specified in insufficient details), raising concerns regarding the reproducibility of published results. In order to address these shortcomings, here we present the Standardized Project Gutenberg Corpus (SPGC), an open science approach to a curated version of the complete PG data containing more than 50,000 books and more than 3 × 10 9 word-tokens. Using different sources of annotated metadata, we not only provide a broad characterization of the content of PG, but also show different examples highlighting the potential of SPGC for investigating language variability across time, subjects, and authors. We publish our methodology in detail, the code to download and process the data, as well as the obtained corpus itself on three different levels of granularity (raw text, timeseries of word tokens, and counts of words). In this way, we provide a reproducible, pre-processed, full-size version of Project Gutenberg as a new scientific resource for corpus linguistics, natural language processing, and information retrieval.

Indexed as

Jensen–Shannon divergencenatural language processingProject Gutenbergquantitative linguisticsreproducibility

Identifiers

PMID33285901
PMCPMC7516435

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.