ArticlePregnancy hypertension2021
High blood pressure at entry into antenatal care and birth outcomes among a cohort of HIV-uninfected women and women living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.
Article in Pregnancy hypertension, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hypertension among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Blood pressure thresholds in pregnancy for identifying maternal and infant risk: a secondary analysis of Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) trial data.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Trial
- Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes Associated with Maternal HIV Infection in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.Infectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Landscape analysis of pregnancy exposure registries in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Perinatal outcomes in women with lower-range elevated blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension: insights from the Kaya health and demographic surveillance system, Burkina Faso.BMC public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine associations between high blood pressure (BP) when entering antenatal care (ANC) and birth outcomes in a cohort of pregnant HIV- and women living with HIV (WLHIV) initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART). STUDY
designProspective cohort study.
main outcome measuresCesarean delivery, preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation), low birthweight (LBW, <2500 g), small-for-gestational age (SGA, <10th percentile), and large-for-gestational age (LGA, >10th percentile for GA).
resultsOf 1116 women (median GA 20 weeks; WLHIV 53%), 48% (53% WLHIV; 43% HIV-) entered ANC with high BP, defined as elevated (120-129 or < 80 mmHg), stage 1 (>130-139 or 80-89) or stage 2 hypertension (≥140 / or ≥ 90). WLHIV were more likely to have high BP (RR 1.32; 95%CI 1.12-1.57), controlling for pre-pregnancy body mass index and additional confounders. In multivariable analysis, there was no evidence that high BP increased the risk of cesarean delivery (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.92-1.30), preterm birth (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.81-1.62), LBW (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.84-1.60) or SGA (RR 1.02, 0.72-1.44), overall or when stratified by HIV-status. High BP was associated with an increased risk of LGA (RR 1.43; 95% CI 1.00-2.03).
conclusionIn this setting, half of women had high BP at entry into ANC, with WLHIV at increased risk of high BP. There was no strong evidence that high BP increased the risk of adverse birth outcomes overall, or by HIV-status, with the exception of LGA. WLHIV may be at high risk of high BP during pregnancy and should be monitored closely.
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