ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2021
Socio-ecological and pharmacy-level factors associated with naloxone stocking at standing-order naloxone pharmacies in New York City.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of the Communities That HEAL Intervention on Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution: A Cluster-Randomized, Wait-List Controlled Trial.American journal of public health · 2025Trial
- Trauma Profiles and Cocaine Use Among Formerly Incarcerated Black Men Who Co-Use Opioids and Stimulants.The Journal of black psychology · 2026Article
- Access to Naloxone and Preferences for Its Online Purchase Among Individuals Affected by Opioid Misuse.Cureus · 2025Article
- Development of a brief stigma and perceptions questionnaire for pharmacists: An exploratory factor analysis approach in New York state counties enrolled in the healing communities study.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Structure-Based Engineering of Monoclonal Antibodies for Improved Binding to Counteract the Effects of Fentanyl and Carfentanil.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Investigating the complexity of naloxone distribution: Which policies matter for pharmacies and potential recipients.Journal of health economics · 2024Article
- Implementation and Evaluation of a Bystander Naloxone Training Course.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Neighborhood and Individual Disparities in Community-Based Naloxone Access for Opioid Overdose Prevention.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Gaps in Naloxone Knowledge: Evidence from a 2022 Great Plains Survey.Research square · 2023Article
- Racial/ethnic differences in receipt of naloxone distributed by opioid overdose prevention programs in New York City.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Optimizing a Drone Network to Respond to Opioid Overdoses.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2023Article
- The policy landscape for naloxone distribution in four states highly impacted by fatal opioid overdoses.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Racial/ethnic disparities in opioid overdose prevention: comparison of the naloxone care cascade in White, Latinx, and Black people who use opioids in New York City.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Evaluating disparities in prescribing of naloxone after emergency department treatment of opioid overdose.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Article
- Community-based naloxone coverage equity for the prevention of opioid overdose fatalities in racial/ethnic minority communities in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Preventing Overdose Using Information and Data from the Environment (PROVIDENT): protocol for a randomized, population-based, community intervention trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Limited access to pharmacy-based naloxone in West Virginia: Results from a statewide purchase trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Study protocol for the Respond to Prevent Study: a multi-state randomized controlled trial to improve provision of naloxone, buprenorphine and nonprescription syringes in community pharmacies.Substance abuse · 2022Article
- Trends in State-Level Pharmacy-Based Naloxone Dispensing Rates, 2012-2019.American journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Socio-ecological and pharmacy-level factors associated with buprenorphine stocking at pharmacies in New York City.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResearch on socio-ecological factors that may impede or facilitate access to naloxone in pharmacies remains limited. This study investigated associations between socio-ecological factors, pharmacy participation in the naloxone cost assistance program (NCAP), pharmacy characteristics and having naloxone in stock among pharmacies in New York City.
methodsPhone interviews were conducted with 662 pharmacies selected from the New York City Naloxone Standing Order List. Multi-level generalized linear modeling estimated associations between neighborhood racial and ethnic composition, poverty rates, overdose fatality rates, pharmacy participation in N-CAP, having private physical spaces within the pharmacy, knowledge of where to refer people to obtain naloxone and adjusted relative risk (aRR) that the pharmacy would have naloxone in stock.
resultsFindings from this study supported several of the hypotheses. Greater neighborhood poverty was associated with a lower likelihood of carrying naloxone compared to neighborhoods with less poverty (aRR = .79, CI95 % = .69, .90, p < .001). Pharmacies that provided a private window for consultations (aRR = 1.34, CI95 % = 1.19, 1.51, p < .001), a private room (aRR = 1.42, CI95 % = 1.30, 1.56, p < .001), and a private area (aRR = 1.42, CI95 % = 1.30, 1.56, p < .001) were associated with a higher likelihood of carrying naloxone compared than those that did not.
conclusionsFindings from this study suggest that community-level socioeconomic marginalization is a contributor to disparities in naloxone availability among pharmacies in New York City. Findings support harm reduction interventions tailored to the built environment of pharmacies that respect privacy to those seeking naloxone.
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