ArticleParkinsonism & related disorders2021
FXTAS presents with upregulation of the cytokines IL12 and TNFα.
Article in Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glymphatic dysfunction and neuroinflammation in FXTAS: evidence from DTI-ALPS and gene expression analysis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Neuroimmune System and the Cerebellum.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024Review
- FXTAS Neuropathology Includes Widespread Reactive Astrogliosis and White Matter Specific Astrocyte Degeneration.Annals of neurology · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Characterization of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome in Patients with Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2022Article
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Peripheral Monitoring of Adult Fragile X-Associated Syndromes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Cerebral Microbleeds in Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionFragile X Tremor and Ataxia Syndrome is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that develops in some FMR1 premutation carriers. The objective of this study is to characterize how cytokine levels are altered in the FXTAS brain.
methodsFresh frozen cerebellar tissue from FXTAS cases and controls was homogenized and analyzed for 12 different cytokines using a commercially available ELISA panel.
resultsRelative to controls, FXTAS cases showed large and significant increases in the cytokines IL-12 and TNFα. There were large but non-significant increases in the levels of IL-2, IL-8, and IL-10 in FXTAS cases. The cytokines IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-4 IL-6, IL-17A, IFNγ, and GM-CSF were not different between FXTAS and control subjects.
conclusionsFor the first time, we demonstrate an increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-12 in the FXTAS brain, both of which are implicated in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis, another neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly consists of white matter disease.
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Registered trials
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