ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2021
A review of decreased sound tolerance in autism: Definitions, phenomenology, and potential mechanisms.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Pooled it
- Psychometric Validation of the New Misophonia Screening List-Child and Youth and AMISOS-Y (Dutch Child- and Parent-Report Versions) for Assessing Misophonia in Youth.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Binaural Processing Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Audiology research · 2026Review
- Selective Disruption of Salience-Network Anterior Insula Connectivity in Misophonia: A Disorder-Specific Neural Signature.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Relationships Between Autistic Trait Dimensions and Speech Understanding, Affective Sound Intolerance, and Self-Reported Hearing Difficulties.Autism in adulthood · 2026Article
- Autistic and Non-Autistic Experiences of Decreased Sound Tolerance and Their Association with Mental Health and Quality of Life.Autism in adulthood · 2026Article
- Misophonia Symptoms in Autistic Adults.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- A Comparison of Misophonia and Autistic Traits in Parents of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder.Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- A Trans-Diagnostic Investigation of Attention and Diverse Phenotypes of "Auditory Hyperreactivity" in Autism, ADHD, and the General Population.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Listening in a noisy world: The impact of acoustic cues and background music on speech perception in autism.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- Conceptualizing the substrates and sequelae of decreased sound tolerance as a developmental cascade: A pilot study.Hearing research · 2026Article
- Altered Auditory Maturation in Fragile X Syndrome and Its Involvement in Audiogenic Seizure Susceptibility.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Review
- Parallel paths: A narrative review exploring autism and its co-occurring conditions.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Review
- A Sensory Approach to Design: Inclusive Principles.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- The relationship between cognitive disengagement syndrome and misophonia in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the mediating role of cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
- Using Psychoacoustic Tasks and Multidimensional Questionnaires to Characterize Auditory Hyperreactivity in Autistic Young People.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Misophonia in Children and Adolescents: Age Differences, Risk Factors, Psychiatric and Psychological Correlates. A Pilot Study with Mothers' Involvement.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Hyperacusis in gifted children and its impact on quality of life.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Misophonia in Tic Disorders and Their Neuropsychiatric Associations.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Atypical behavioral responses to environmental sounds are common in autistic children and adults, with 50-70 % of this population exhibiting decreased sound tolerance (DST) at some point in their lives. This symptom is a source of significant distress and impairment across the lifespan, contributing to anxiety, challenging behaviors, reduced community participation, and school/workplace difficulties. However, relatively little is known about its phenomenology or neurocognitive underpinnings. The present article synthesizes a large body of literature on the phenomenology and pathophysiology of DST-related conditions to generate a comprehensive theoretical account of DST in autism. Notably, we argue against conceptualizing DST as a unified construct, suggesting that it be separated into three phenomenologically distinct conditions: hyperacusis (the perception of everyday sounds as excessively loud or painful), misophonia (an acquired aversive reaction to specific sounds), and phonophobia (a specific phobia of sound), each responsible for a portion of observed DST behaviors. We further elaborate our framework by proposing preliminary neurocognitive models of hyperacusis, misophonia, and phonophobia that incorporate neurophysiologic findings from studies of autism.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.