Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33284117›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2020

Patient Challenges and Needs in Comprehending Laboratory Test Results: Mixed Methods Study.

Zhan Zhang, Daniel Citardi, Aiwen Xing, Xiao Luo, Yu Lu, Zhe He

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Communicating blood test results in primary care: a mixed-methods systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025
    Pooled it
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  11. Interpretating Normal Values and Reference Ranges for Laboratory Tests.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zhan Zhang *School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York, NY, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6973-6903
Daniel Citardi *School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York, NY, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1337-2685
Aiwen Xing *Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4901-7025
Xiao Luo *School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3649-9785
Yu Lu *School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York, NY, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9704-7950
Zhe He *School of Information, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3608-0244

Funding

Using social networks to map and evaluate team science across CTSA hubsUL1TR001427 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MITCHELL, DUANE A. · 2015 to 2024
$37.2M
Systematic Analysis of Clinical Study Generalizability Assessment Methods with InformaticsR21AG061431 · NIA · FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI BIAN, JIANG, HE, ZHE · 2019 to 2020
$793k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001427NIA NIH HHS R21 AG061431
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatients are increasingly able to access their laboratory test results via patient portals. However, merely providing access does not guarantee comprehension. Patients could experience confusion when reviewing their test results.

objectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the challenges and needs of patients when comprehending laboratory test results.

methodsWe conducted a web-based survey with 203 participants and a set of semistructured interviews with 13 participants. We assessed patients' perceived challenges and needs (both informational and technological needs) when they attempted to comprehend test results, factors associated with patients' perceptions, and strategies for improving the design of patient portals to communicate laboratory test results more effectively. Descriptive and correlation analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyze the survey and interview data, respectively.

resultsPatients face a variety of challenges and confusion when reviewing laboratory test results. To better comprehend laboratory results, patients need different types of information, which are grouped into 2 categories-generic information (eg, reference range) and personalized or contextual information (eg, treatment options, prognosis, what to do or ask next). We also found that several intrinsic factors (eg, laboratory result normality, health literacy, and technology proficiency) significantly impact people's perceptions of using portals to view and interpret laboratory results. The desired enhancements of patient portals include providing timely explanations and educational resources (eg, a health encyclopedia), increasing usability and accessibility, and incorporating artificial intelligence-based technology to provide personalized recommendations.

conclusionsPatients face significant challenges in interpreting the meaning of laboratory test results. Designers and developers of patient portals should employ user-centered approaches to improve the design of patient portals to present information in a more meaningful way.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedDiagnostic Tests, RoutineFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPatient PortalsYoung Adultclinical laboratory testconsumer health informationhealth information technologypatient portal

Identifiers

PMID33284117
PMCPMC7752528

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.