ReviewVirus evolution2019
Evolution and rapid spread of a reassortant A(H3N2) virus that predominated the 2017-2018 influenza season.
Review in Virus evolution, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nextstrain automates real-time phylogenetic analysis of open data for endemic and emerging pathogens.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Game Over for the Baseline: Influenza Hospitalization Patterns Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic (FluSurv-NET, 2009-2025).Infectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Unleashing the immune arsenal: development of broad spectrum multiepitope bluetongue vaccine targeting conserved T cell epitopes of structural proteins.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- First detection and transatlantic introduction of Influenza A(H3N2) subclade K (J.2.4.1) into Ecuador: insights from genomic sentinel surveillance.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Integrating prior knowledge inference with computational multi-omics analysis to reveal host antiviral networks of natural compounds against influenza A virus.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Influenza strains in focus: global approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and control of H1N1, H3N2, H7N9, and H9N2.Pathogens and global health · 2025Review
- Competition between transmission lineages mediated by human mobility shapes seasonal influenza epidemics in the US.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Evolution of Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in Bhutan for Two Consecutive Years, 2022 and 2023.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Dimensionality reduction distills complex evolutionary relationships in seasonal influenza and SARS-CoV-2.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Phylogeography and reassortment patterns of human influenza A viruses in sub-Saharan Africa.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Commuting-driven competition between transmission chains shapes seasonal influenza virus epidemics in the United States.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Dimensionality reduction distills complex evolutionary relationships in seasonal influenza and SARS-CoV-2.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Immuno-informatics study identifies conserved T cell epitopes in non-structural proteins of Bluetongue virus serotypes: formulation of a computationally optimized next-generation broad-spectrum multi-epitope vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Evolution of Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in 2 Consecutive Seasons of Genomic Surveillance, 2021-2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Co-evolution of immunity and seasonal influenza viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Vaccine effectiveness estimates from an early-season influenza A(H3N2) epidemic, including unique genetic diversity with reassortment, Canada, 2022/23.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Article
- Evolutionary Dynamics of Whole-Genome Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses Isolated in Myanmar from 2015 to 2019.Viruses · 2022Article
- Co-existence and co-infection of influenza A viruses and coronaviruses: Public health challenges.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The 2017-2018 North American influenza season caused more hospitalizations and deaths than any year since the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. The majority of recorded influenza infections were caused by A(H3N2) viruses, with most of the virus's North American diversity falling into the A2 clade. Within A2, we observe a subclade which we call A2/re that rose to comprise almost 70 per cent of A(H3N2) viruses circulating in North America by early 2018. Unlike most fast-growing clades, however, A2/re contains no amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (HA) segment. Moreover, hemagglutination inhibition assays did not suggest substantial antigenic differences between A2/re viruses and viruses sampled during the 2016-2017 season. Rather, we observe that the A2/re clade was the result of a reassortment event that occurred in late 2016 or early 2017 and involved the combination of the HA and PB1 segments of an A2 virus with neuraminidase (NA) and other segments a virus from the clade A1b. The success of this clade shows the need for antigenic analysis that targets NA in addition to HA. Our results illustrate the potential for non-HA drivers of viral success and necessitate the need for more thorough tracking of full viral genomes to better understand the dynamics of influenza epidemics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.