ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Phagocytosis by the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Recognition, Resolution, Recycling.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of autophagy in ocular health: mechanisms, pathologies, and therapeutic strategies.Biology direct · 2026Pooled it
- From Retina to Vasculature: Oxidative Stress as a Common Mechanistic Link Between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cardiovascular Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Photoreceptor Vulnerability to Ferroptosis: Membrane Phospholipid Peroxidation, Mitochondrial Homeostasis, and RPE-Photoreceptor Coupling.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Strategic lipid nanoparticle design dictates retinal delivery post inner limiting membrane disruption.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the retinal pigment epithelium and its association with outer retinal disease.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026Review
- Age-dependent induction of ER stress in retinal pigment epithelium impairs phagocytosis via ADAM17-dependent MERTK shedding.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Differential Effects of Retinal Fatty Acids Under Oxidative Stress Reveal DHA's Susceptibility to Ferroptosis and Polarity Disruption in iPSC Derived RPE Cells.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Lipid homeostasis plays a critical role in inherited and acquired retinal diseases.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Cell loss disrupts mechanical homeostasis to drive retinal pigment epithelium ageing-like phenotype in vitro.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Age-Related Associations of Foveal Structural Parameters in Healthy Adults: A Comparative Analysis of Biological and Chronological Age.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Targeted Ferroptosis Improves RPE Phagocytosis via MERTK/NFE2L2/HMOX1 Axis to Alleviate Retinitis Pigmentosa.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Outer retinal tubulation associated with photoreceptor degeneration.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- Antioxidant vitamin index and risk of age-related macular degeneration: multicenter validation and clinical translation.npj aging · 2026Article
- PLGA nanoparticles restore acidic pH and degradative function to compromised lysosomes with Cy3-labeling providing enhanced tracking to lysosomes.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Effect of Repeated Medium-Dose Red Laser Irradiation on Ocular Tissues in Guinea Pigs.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- ADORA2A activation restores lysosomal function and photoreceptor outer segment degradation in stressed retinal pigment epithelium.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Extracellular Vesicles Induce Microglia Polarization in MERTK-Associated Retinal Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveals stepwise transformation of epithelial cells into Non-Professional Phagocytes.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Local Insulin for Local Needs? Insights into Retinal Insulin Signaling and RPE Metabolism.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Dysregulated DNA Methylation inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tissue-resident phagocytes are responsible for the routine binding, engulfment, and resolution of their meals. Such populations of cells express appropriate surface receptors that are tailored to recognize the phagocytic targets of their niche and initiate the actin polymerization that drives internalization. Tissue-resident phagocytes also harbor enzymes and transporters along the endocytic pathway that orchestrate the resolution of ingested macromolecules from the phagolysosome. Solutes fluxed from the endocytic pathway and into the cytosol can then be reutilized by the phagocyte or exported for their use by neighboring cells. Such a fundamental metabolic coupling between resident phagocytes and the tissue in which they reside is well-emphasized in the case of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells; specialized phagocytes that are responsible for the turnover of photoreceptor outer segments (POS). Photoreceptors are prone to photo-oxidative damage and their long-term health depends enormously on the disposal of aged portions of the outer segment. The phagocytosis of the POS by the RPE is the sole means of this turnover and clearance. RPE are themselves mitotically quiescent and therefore must resolve the ingested material to prevent their toxic accumulation in the lysosome that otherwise leads to retinal disorders. Here we describe the sequence of events underlying the healthy turnover of photoreceptors by the RPE with an emphasis on the signaling that ensures the phagocytosis of the distal POS and on the transport of solutes from the phagosome that supersedes its resolution. While other systems may utilize different receptors and transporters, the biophysical and metabolic manifestations of such events are expected to apply to all tissue-resident phagocytes that perform regular phagocytic programs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.