Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33281273›Full record

ArticleInformation processing & management2021

From information seeking to information avoidance: Understanding the health information behavior during a global health crisis.

Saira Hanif Soroya, Ali Farooq, Khalid Mahmood, Jouni Isoaho, Shan-E Zara

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Information processing & management, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
162citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

162 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  17. Digital nursing: from misinformation to protagonism in public health.Investigacion y educacion en enfermeria · 2026
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102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Saira Hanif SoroyaDepartment of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Ali FarooqDepartment of Future Technologies, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Turku. Finland.
Khalid MahmoodDepartment of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Jouni IsoahoDepartment of Future Technologies, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Turku. Finland.
Shan-E ZaraDepartment of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Individuals seek information for informed decision-making, and they consult a variety of information sources nowadays. However, studies show that information from multiple sources can lead to information overload, which then creates negative psychological and behavioral responses. Drawing on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, we propose a model to understand the effect of information seeking, information sources, and information overload (Stimuli) on information anxiety (psychological organism), and consequent behavioral response, information avoidance during the global health crisis (COVID-19). The proposed model was tested using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) for which data were collected from 321 Finnish adults using an online survey. People found to seek information from traditional sources such as mass media, print media, and online sources such as official websites and websites of newspapers and forums. Social media and personal networks were not the preferred sources. On the other hand, among different information sources, social media exposure has a significant relationship with information overload as well as information anxiety. Besides, information overload also predicted information anxiety, which further resulted in information avoidance.

Indexed as

COVID-19Information anxietyInformation avoidanceInformation overloadInformation seeking

Identifiers

PMID33281273
PMCPMC7700063

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.