Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33280966›Full record

ArticlePatient education and counseling2021

Challenges and approaches to involving family caregivers in primary care.

Catherine Riffin, Jennifer L Wolff, John Butterworth, Ronald D Adelman, Karl A Pillemer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Patient education and counseling, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. A Pilot Trial Evaluating Collaborative Healthcare Encounters With Caregivers: A Checklist-Based Intervention for Primary Care.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025
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  17. Care Partner Perspectives on the Use of a Patient Portal Intervention to Promote Care Partner Identification in Dementia Care.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Catherine RiffinDepartment of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA. Electronic address: acr2213@med.cornell.edu.
Jennifer L WolffDepartment of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
John ButterworthDepartment of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
Ronald D AdelmanDepartment of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA; Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.
Karl A PillemerDepartment of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.

Funding

Disparities in COVID Disease Severity and Outcomes in New York CityUL1TR002384 · NCATS · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI JULIANNE L IMPERATO-MCGINLEY · 2017 to 2026
$86.2M
Pilot CoreP30AG022845 · NIA · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI Manney Carrington Reid, ELAINE WETHINGTON · 2003 to 2026
$15.2M
The Weill Cornell Medicine Research Training Program in Behavioral GeriatricsT32AG049666 · NIA · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI SARA J CZAJA, Manney Carrington Reid · 2016 to 2026
$3.2M
Reid Aging and Pain Research Training ProgramK24AG053462 · NIA · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI REID, MANNEY CARRINGTON · 2016 to 2025
$1.8M
Promoting Research Continuity and Progress toward the Development of a Novel Screening Intervention for Family Caregivers in Primary CareK01AG061275 · NIA · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI RIFFIN, CATHERINE · 2019 to 2023
$680k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002384NIA NIH HHS K01 AG061275NIA NIH HHS K24 AG053462NIA NIH HHS P30 AG022845NIA NIH HHS T32 AG049666
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveOlder adults are commonly accompanied to routine medical visits. This study identifies challenges and explores approaches to managing patient-family interactions in primary care.

methodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with primary care clinicians and staff (N = 30) as well as older adult patients and family caregivers (N = 40). Interviews were analyzed using content analysis.

resultsThree major challenges to patient-family interactions were identified: navigating patient autonomy and family motivation to participate; adjudicating patient-family disagreements; and minimizing obtrusive behaviors by caregivers. Three approaches to managing patient-family interactions were identified. Collaborating involved non-judgmental listening, consensus-building, and validation of different perspectives. Dividing involved separating the patient and family member to elicit confidential information from one member of the dyad. Focusing involved re-directing the conversation to either the patient or family member while minimizing input from the other. Approaches varied by patients' cognitive status and overall health condition. In general, patients and caregivers expressed the most positive attitudes toward collaborating and patient-directed focusing approaches.

conclusionPrimary care clinicians use varied approaches to managing their interactions with patient-family dyads. Patients and caregivers generally prefer those approaches that involve collaborative rather than individual discussions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Findings suggest the potential for the development of communication-focused interventions to promote positive clinician-patient-family interactions.

Indexed as

CaregiversPrimary Health CareAgedCommunicationFamilyHumansProfessional-Family RelationsFamily caregiverPatient-caregiver-provider interactionsPhysician officePrimary health care

Identifiers

PMID33280966
PMCPMC8160020

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.