SynthesisClinical psychology review2021
Socioeconomic status and child psychopathology in the United States: A meta-analysis of population-based studies.
Synthesis in Clinical psychology review, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Unpacking sleep and mental health disparities across childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic and systematic review.Sleep medicine reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Biofeedback-based Digital Games and Well-being in Childhood: A Systematic Review.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Pooled it
- Perceived economic hardship and adjustment outcomes of children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2025Pooled it
- Sociodemographic reporting and sample composition over 3 decades of psychopathology research: A systematic review and quantitative synthesis.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2024Pooled it
- Association between postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure controlling for prenatal exposure and conduct problems in children: A systematic review.Neurotoxicology · 2023Pooled it
- The relation between family socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in mainland China: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Association of Screen Time With Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Children 12 Years or Younger: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy for resilience promotion in a non-clinical sample: A randomized controlled and a pilot study.BMC psychology · 2025Trial
- Helping the Noncompliant Child and Child Behavior Outcomes: An Exploratory Examination of Financial Strain.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Trial
- Family engagement in a behavioral parenting intervention: A randomized comparison of telehealth versus office-based treatment formats.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2024Trial
- Effects of a Combination Economic Empowerment and Family Strengthening Intervention on Psychosocial Well-being Among Ugandan Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Suubi4Her).The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Trial
- Psychiatric and substance use disorder polygenic scores are associated with the exposome in youth.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Screening for financial vulnerability in a paediatric hospital setting: a pilot study of the Financial Risk Questionnaire (FRIQuest).European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Multisystem Environmental Factors Elucidate Shared and Distinct Associations With Brain and Behavior in Adolescents.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neighborhood socioeconomic status and adolescent brain responses to peer feedback: Testing relationships with negative and positive affect assessed outside of the lab.Development and psychopathology · 2026Article
- Poverty screening among paediatricians in the Netherlands: an exploratory study of current practices.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- The contribution of common and rare genetic variation to emotional and behavioural symptoms in childhood and adolescence.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Withdrawn at home, withdrawn from school: Internalizing behaviors and school absenteeism in low-income children post-Covid.Children & schools · 2026Article
- Predictors and moderators of problem-focused social skills training versus resource activation for children with disruptive behavior problems.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Higher polygenic scores for C-reactive protein is associated with lower striatal reward magnitude coding in early adolescents.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Children raised in families with low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to exhibit symptoms of psychopathology. However, the strength of this association, the specific indices of SES most strongly associated with childhood psychopathology, and factors moderating the association are strikingly inconsistent across studies. We conducted a meta-analysis of 120 estimates of the association between family SES and child psychopathology in 13 population-representative cohorts of children studied in the US since 1980. Among 26,715 participants aged 3-19 years, we observed small to moderate associations of low family income (g = 0.19), low Hollingshead index (g = 0.21), low subjective SES (g = 0.24), low parental education (g = 0.25), poverty status (g = 0.25), and receipt of public assistance (g = 0.32) with higher levels of childhood psychopathology. Moderator testing revealed that receipt of public assistance showed an especially strong association with psychopathology and that SES was more strongly related to externalizing than internalizing psychopathology. Dispersion in our final, random effects, model suggested that the relation between SES and child psychopathology is likely to vary in different populations of children and in different communities. These findings highlight the need for additional research on the mechanisms of SES-related psychopathology risk in children in order to identify targets for potential intervention.
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