SynthesisThe Journal of infection2021
Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions targeted at COVID-19 pandemic on influenza burden - a systematic review.
Synthesis in The Journal of infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Targeted at COVID-19 Pandemic on Influenza Burden-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Pooled it
- The Economic Value of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions for Influenza and COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Pooled it
- Genetic Variability and Evolutionary Dynamics of A(H1N1)pdm09 in Italy Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Metagenomic surveillance reveals off-season circulation of respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Salvador, Brazil.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Shifting seasonal patterns of influenza before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China: A population-based surveillance study, 2015-2023.Biosafety and health · 2026Article
- Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza epidemiology: A retrospective analysis in Hebei Province, China from 2019 to 2023.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Paediatric infection hospital admissions in England before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Long-term trends of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection across pandemic phases: an interrupted time-series study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Hospitalized children with influenza virus: a 17 year-long observational study including the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions restructured the upper respiratory bacterial microbiota in children under 2 during COVID-19: implications for infection control strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Disruption of winter influenza activity in Wuxi, China during and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2013-2025): a counterfactual time-series analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Multiplex serology reveals age-specific immunodynamics of respiratory pathogens in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Changing Epidemiology of Influenza Infections Among Children in the Post-Pandemic Period: A Case Study in Xi'an, China.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of infectious mononucleosis among hospitalized children in Henan Province, China: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trend of seasonal influenza in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Post-COVID-19 Epidemiology of Viral Infections in Adults Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Syndromes in Palermo, South of Italy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal analysis of influenza in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The optimal strategy for seasonal influenza vaccination to prevent high-intensity level of influenza epidemics in Zhejiang, China: an integrated transmission-dynamic and health-economic modeling analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Multiplex serology reveals age-specific immunodynamics of endemic respiratory pathogens in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo better understand the impact of comprehensive COVID-19 targeted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on influenza burden worldwide.
methodsWe conducted a systematic literature search in selected databases (PubMed, WHO COVID-19), preprint servers (medRxiv, bioRxiv) and websites of European Public Health institutes. Documents that compared influenza estimates in the 2019/2020 season with previous seasons were included. Information synthesis was qualitative due to a high heterogeneity in the number and periods of comparative seasons, outcome measures and statistical methods.
resultsWe included 23 records reporting from 15 countries/regions as well as 8 reports from European Public Health agencies. Estimates in the 2019/2020 season based on influenza virus tests (4 out of 7 countries/regions), defined influenza cases (8 out of 9), influenza positivity rate (7 out of 8), and severe complications (1 out of 2) were lower than in former seasons. Results from syndromic indicators, such as influenza-like-illness (ILI), were less clear or even raised (4 out of 7) after the influenza season indicating a misclassification with COVID-19 cases.
conclusionsEvidence synthesis suggests that NPIs targeted at SARS-CoV-2-transmission reduce influenza burden as well. Low threshold NPIs need to be more strongly emphasized in influenza prevention strategies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.