ArticleArthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)2021
The Type II Anti-CD20 Antibody Obinutuzumab (GA101) Is More Effective Than Rituximab at Depleting B Cells and Treating Disease in a Murine Lupus Model.
Article in Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of biologics, multitarget therapy, and standard therapy for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Renal failure · 2024Pooled it
- Biologicals for the treatment of lupus nephritis: a Bayesian network meta-regression analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- B-cell depletion with obinutuzumab for the treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2022Trial
- Tubulointerstitial inflammation in glomerular diseases: mechanistic pathways, prognostic value, and translational therapeutic targets.Renal failure · 2026Review
- Mechanism-informed combination therapy and dynamic risk stratification in lupus nephritis: toward durable renal protection.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Obinutuzumab rescue after a severe rituximab infusion-related hypersensitivity reaction in IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Obinutuzumab is effective for refractory primary membranous nephropathy.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Obinutuzumab as a therapeutic option for SDNS children resistant to rituximab with anti-RTX antibodies.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- B Cells and B Cell Depletion in Autoimmunity and Atherosclerosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Management of IgG4-Related Disease.Current rheumatology reports · 2026Review
- Importance of B cells (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Refractory lupus nephritis: current Understanding and emerging treatment strategies.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Novel Sequential Therapy with Obinutuzumab and Telitacicept in Severe Lupus Nephritis with Glucocorticoid-Induced Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of the Femoral Head: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of obinutuzumab and rituximab for treating neuropsychiatric lupus: a retrospective case-control study.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Targeting CD20 for B-cell Depletion in Autoimmune Kidney Disease: Next Generation.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Fifty years of monoclonals: the past, present and future of antibody therapeutics.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Article
- Anti-B Cell Strategy in Nephrotic Syndrome: Beyond Rituximab.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Diagnostic and Pathogenic Insights.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDepleting pathogenic B cells could treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, depleting B cells in an inflammatory setting such as lupus is difficult. This study was undertaken to investigate whether a type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a different mechanism of action, obinutuzumab (GA101), is more effective than a type I anti-CD20 mAb, rituximab (RTX), in B cell depletion in lupus, and whether efficient B cell depletion results in amelioration of disease.
methodsWe treated lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice expressing human CD20 on B cells (hCD20 MRL/lpr mice) with either RTX or GA101 and measured B cell depletion under various conditions, as well as multiple clinical end points.
resultsA single dose of GA101 was markedly more effective than RTX in depleting B cells in diseased MRL/lpr mice (P < 0.05). RTX overcame resistance to B cell depletion in diseased MRL/lpr mice with continuous treatments. GA101 was more effective in treating hCD20 MRL/lpr mice with early disease, as GA101-treated mice had reduced glomerulonephritis (P < 0.05), lower anti-RNA autoantibody titers (P < 0.05), and fewer activated CD4+ T cells (P < 0.0001) compared to RTX-treated mice. GA101 also treated advanced disease, and continual treatment prolonged survival. Using variants of GA101, we also elucidated B cell depletion mechanisms in vivo in mice with lupus.
conclusionAlbeit both anti-CD20 antibodies ameliorated early disease, GA101 was more effective than RTX in important parameters, such as glomerulonephritis score. GA101 proved beneficial in an advanced disease model, where it prolonged survival. These data support clinical testing of GA101 in SLE and lupus nephritis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.