ArticleDiabetes care2021
Sex Differences in the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Associated With Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
Article in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antecedent of Pregnancy-Related Cardiometabolic Complication and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Women's heart disease research in the netherlands: angina with non-obstructive coronary artery disease and beyond.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2025Review
- Innovative design and modelling to improve sex and gender analysis in clinical trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Diabetes, glycaemic traits and cardiovascular disease in females and males: Observational and Mendelian randomisation analyses in the UK Biobank.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Observational
- A systematic analysis and prediction of the disease burden of ischemic heart disease caused by hyperglycemia.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- The role of sex differences in cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune functions in health and disease: a review for "Sex Differences in Health Awareness Day".Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Association of Age-Related Eye Diseases with Comorbidity of Coronary Heart Disease and Depression in a Population-Based Cohort Study.Psychology research and behavior management · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Interventions for Diabetes Mellitus-associated Complications.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- The causal relationship between human brain morphometry and knee osteoarthritis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Sex and age significantly modulate cardiovascular disease presentation in type 2 diabetes: a large population-based cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Sex differences in risk factors for coronary heart disease events: a prospective cohort study in Iran.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Disentangling Dual Threats: Premature Coronary Artery Disease and Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Asians.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Review
- A roadmap for sex- and gender-disaggregated health research.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Sex-specific Mendelian randomisation to assess the causality of sex differences in the effects of risk factors and treatment: spotlight on hypertension.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Review
- Sex differences in type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2023Review
- Article
- The causal effect of HbA1c on white matter brain aging by two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Sex differences in the association of fasting glucose with HbA1c, and their consequences for mortality: A Mendelian randomization study.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Age-dependent sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors.Nature cardiovascular research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 10 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveObservational studies have demonstrated that type 2 diabetes is a stronger risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) in women compared with men. However, it is not clear whether this reflects a sex differential in the causal effect of diabetes on CHD risk or results from sex-specific residual confounding. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsUsing 270 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for type 2 diabetes identified in a type 2 diabetes genome-wide association study, we performed a sex-stratified Mendelian randomization (MR) study of type 2 diabetes and CHD using individual participant data in UK Biobank (251,420 women and 212,049 men). Weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, and radial MR from summary-level analyses were used for pleiotropy assessment.
resultsMR analyses showed that genetic risk of type 2 diabetes increased the odds of CHD for women (odds ratio 1.13 [95% CI 1.08-1.18] per 1-log unit increase in odds of type 2 diabetes) and men (1.21 [1.17-1.26] per 1-log unit increase in odds of type 2 diabetes). Sensitivity analyses showed some evidence of directional pleiotropy; however, results were similar after correction for outlier SNPs.
conclusionsThis MR analysis supports a causal effect of genetic liability to type 2 diabetes on risk of CHD that is not stronger for women than men. Assuming a lack of bias, these findings suggest that the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes for CHD risk reduction is of equal priority in both sexes.
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