Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33277259›Full record

ArticleScience advances2020

Enabling near-atomic-scale analysis of frozen water.

A A El-Zoka, S-H Kim, S Deville, R C Newman, L T Stephenson, B Gault

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 54% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. A workflow for correlativeNanoscale horizons · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. The Fate of Water in Hydrogen-Based Iron Oxide Reduction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Atom probe tomography.Nature reviews. Methods primers · 2021
    Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

A A El-ZokaMax-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany. a.elzoka@mpie.de b.gault@mpie.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3793-6569
S-H KimMax-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1227-8897
S DevilleUniversité de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3363-3184
R C NewmanDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-619X
L T StephensonMax-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7852-2509
B GaultMax-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany. a.elzoka@mpie.de b.gault@mpie.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-0458
Max-Planck-Institut für Nachhaltige Materialien · DEUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1 · FRUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transmission electron microscopy went through a revolution enabling routine cryo-imaging of biological and (bio)chemical systems, in liquid form. Yet, these approaches typically lack advanced analytical capabilities. Here, we used atom probe tomography to analyze frozen liquids in three dimensions with subnanometer resolution. We introduce a specimen preparation strategy using nanoporous gold. We report data on 2- to 3-μm-thick layers of ice formed from both high-purity deuterated water and a solution of 50 mM NaCl in high-purity deuterated water. The analysis of the gold-ice interface reveals a substantial increase in the solute concentrations across the interface. We explore a range of experimental parameters to show that atom probe analyses of bulk aqueous specimens come with their own challenges and discuss physical processes that produce the observed phenomena. Our study demonstrates the viability of using frozen water as a carrier for near-atomic-scale analysis of objects in solution by atom probe tomography.

Identifiers

PMID33277259
PMCPMC7821902
OpenAlexW3037443239

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.