ArticleHealth & place2021
Associations of tobacco retailer availability with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related hospital outcomes, United States, 2014.
Article in Health & place, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neighbourhood inequities in the availability of retailers selling tobacco products: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of Population-Level Tobacco Control Interventions and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Simulating the Impact of Zoning Policies on Equitably Reducing Neighborhood Tobacco Retailer Availability.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Assessing the causal effect of tobacco retail density on cardiovascular and pulmonary disease hospitalizations in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Global policy scan of commercial combustible tobacco product retailing regulations by WHO region.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Tobacco retailer density and its association with birth outcomes in the USA: 2000-2016.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Patterns of tobacco retailer counts by zoning designations and sociodemographic characteristics in Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Oklahoma.Health & place · 2025Article
- Area-level sociodemographic differences in tobacco availability examined with nationwide tobacco product retail licence data in Finland.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Tobacco and Alcohol Retailer Availability and Neighborhood Racialized, Economic, and Racialized Economic Segregation in North Carolina.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Sociodemographic Disparities in Tobacco Retailer Density in the United States, 2000-2017.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Retail endgame strategies: reduce tobacco availability and visibility and promote health equity.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- The Co-occurrence of Specialty Vape Shops, Social Disadvantage, and Poor Air Quality in the United States: An Assessment of Cumulative Risks to Youth.Health equity · 2022Article
- Trends in the Number and Type of Tobacco Product Retailers, United States, 2000-2017.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Uncovering Philip Morris International's Fundamental Strategies for Product Placement in Thailand: Spotlighting Industry Penetration to Advance the Endgame.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- Associations of County Tobacco Retailer Availability With U.S. Adult Smoking Behaviors, 2014-2015.American journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Sociodemographic inequities in tobacco retailer density: Do neighboring places matter?Health & place · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There are associations between tobacco retailer density and smoking behaviors, but little is known about whether places with more tobacco retailers have more smoking-related health problems. Using cross-sectional data from 2014, we investigated the relationships between tobacco retailer density and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) related outcomes in a sample of 1510 counties across the United States. Higher retailer density was associated with a 19% (IRR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.12-1.27) higher COPD-related hospital discharge rate and 30% (IRR, 1.30; 95% CI 1.21-1.39) higher total COPD-related hospital costs per population. The tobacco retailer environment may be an important target for reducing smoking-related health burdens and costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.