Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33275892›Full record

ArticleCurrent biology : CB2021

Loss of Small-RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in the Plant Cell Cycle Promotes Germline Reprogramming and Somaclonal Variation.

Filipe Borges, Mark T A Donoghue, Chantal LeBlanc, Emily E Wear, Milos Tanurdžić, Benjamin Berube, Ashley Brooks, William F Thompson, Linda Hanley-Bowdoin, Robert A Martienssen

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current biology : CB, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
7.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Using Callus as an Ex Vivo System for Chromatin Analysis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Parental dialectic: Epigenetic conversations in endosperm.Current opinion in plant biology · 2024
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Transcriptional Silencing of 35S rDNA inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Filipe BorgesHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA; Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
Mark T A DonoghueHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
Chantal LeBlancHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
Emily E WearDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Milos TanurdžićHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
Benjamin BerubeCold Spring Harbor Laboratory School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
Ashley BrooksDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
William F ThompsonDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Linda Hanley-BowdoinDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Robert A MartienssenHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA. Electronic address: martiens@cshl.edu.
North Carolina State University · USCold Spring Harbor Laboratory · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USAgroParisTech · FRMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · US

Funding

Single-Cell Biology Shared ResourceP30CA045508 · NCI · COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY · PI John Edward Moses · 1987 to 2026
$118.9M
Transposons, RNA Interference and HeterochromatinR01GM067014 · NIGMS · COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY · PI MARTIENSSEN, ROBERT A · 2003 to 2016
$4.1M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNCI NIH HHS P30 CA045508NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM067014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

5-methyl cytosine is widespread in plant genomes in both CG and non-CG contexts. During replication, hemi-methylation on parental DNA strands guides symmetric CG methylation on nascent strands, but non-CG methylation requires modified histones and small RNA guides. Here, we used immortalized Arabidopsis cell suspensions to sort replicating nuclei and determine genome-wide cytosine methylation dynamics during the plant cell cycle. We find that symmetric mCG and mCHG are selectively retained in actively dividing cells in culture, whereas mCHH is depleted. mCG becomes transiently asymmetric during S phase but is rapidly restored in G2, whereas mCHG remains asymmetric throughout the cell cycle. Hundreds of loci gain ectopic CHG methylation, as well as 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and histone H3 lysine dimethylation (H3K9me2), without gaining CHH methylation. This suggests that spontaneous epialleles that arise in plant cell cultures are stably maintained by siRNA and H3K9me2 independent of the canonical RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. In contrast, loci that fail to produce siRNA may be targeted for demethylation when the cell cycle arrests. Comparative analysis with methylomes of various tissues and cell types suggests that loss of small-RNA-directed non-CG methylation during DNA replication promotes germline reprogramming and epigenetic variation in plants propagated as clones.

Indexed as

ArabidopsisDNA MethylationCell CycleCytosineDNA, PlantGene Expression Regulation, PlantGerm CellsHistonesPlantsRNA, Small InterferingCytosineDNA, PlantHistonesRNA, Small Interfering

Identifiers

PMID33275892
PMCPMC9019819
OpenAlexW3107734088

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.