Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33275540›Full record

ReviewPhysiological genomics2021

SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 expression, and systemic organ invasion.

Usman M Ashraf, Ahmed A Abokor, Jonnelle M Edwards, Emily W Waigi, Rachel S Royfman, Syed Abdul-Moiz Hasan, Kathryn B Smedlund, Ana Maria Gregio Hardy, Ritu Chakravarti, Lauren Gerard Koch

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Physiological genomics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

100 citing papers in PubMed, 169 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. COVID-19, the disease that changed the world.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. ACE2: Friend or Foe in Post-COVID-19 Neurodegeneration?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Estrogen and viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Review
  19. KAP1 in antiviral immunity: dual roles in viral silencing and immune regulation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Review
  20. Article

40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Usman M AshrafDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.
Ahmed A AbokorDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.
Jonnelle M EdwardsDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.ORCID 0000-0002-1470-6480
Emily W WaigiDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.
Rachel S RoyfmanDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.
Syed Abdul-Moiz HasanDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.
Kathryn B SmedlundDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.
Ana Maria Gregio HardyDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.
Ritu ChakravartiDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.
Lauren Gerard KochDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.
University of Toledo · US

Funding

Hypertension and Cardiorenal Research Training ProgramT32HL105324 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR · PI Joey P. Granger · 2010 to 2026
$7.8M
Resource for Rat Genetic Models of Aerobic CapacityP40OD021331 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO HEALTH SCI CAMPUS · PI KOCH, LAUREN GERARD · 2015 to 2019
$1.9M
Interplay between Dietary Fiber and Gut Microbiota in Hepatocellular CarcinomaR01CA219144 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO HEALTH SCI CAMPUS · PI VIJAY-KUMAR, MATAM · 2017 to 2021
$1.6M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA219144NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL105324NIH HHS P40 OD021331
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has created a global pandemic in 2020, posing an enormous challenge to healthcare systems and affected communities. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) that manifests as bronchitis, pneumonia, or a severe respiratory illness. SARS-CoV-2 infects human cells via binding a "spike" protein on its surface to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) within the host. ACE2 is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis and negatively regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in humans. The RAAS is paramount for normal function in multiple organ systems including the lungs, heart, kidney, and vasculature. Given that SARS-CoV-2 internalizes via ACE2, the resultant disruption in ACE2 expression can lead to altered tissue function and exacerbate chronic diseases. The widespread distribution and expression of ACE2 across multiple organs is critical to our understanding of the varied clinical outcomes of COVID-19. This perspective review based on the current literature was prompted to show how disruption of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 can affect different organ systems.

Indexed as

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2COVID-19Host-Pathogen InteractionsHumansPandemicsProtein BindingRenin-Angiotensin SystemSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVirus InternalizationACE2 protein, humanAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2ACE2complex diseaseCOVID-19RAASSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33275540
PMCPMC7900915
OpenAlexW3109740573

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.