Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33274299›Full record

ArticleWellcome open research2020

Bimodal distribution and set point HBV DNA viral loads in chronic infection: retrospective analysis of cohorts from the UK and South Africa.

Louise O Downs, Sabeehah Vawda, Phillip Armand Bester, Katrina A Lythgoe, Tingyan Wang, Anna L McNaughton, David A Smith, Tongai Maponga, Oliver Freeman, Kinga A Várnai and 6 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Wellcome open research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Review
  4. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Louise O DownsDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6088-4704
Sabeehah VawdaDivision of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Phillip Armand BesterDivision of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Katrina A LythgoeBig Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, UK.
Tingyan WangNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-9494
Anna L McNaughtonNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7436-8727
David A SmithNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Tongai MapongaDepartment of Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
Oliver FreemanNational Institute of Health Research Health Informatics Collaborative, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
Kinga A VárnaiNational Institute of Health Research Health Informatics Collaborative, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-9497
Jim DaviesNational Institute of Health Research Health Informatics Collaborative, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
Kerrie WoodsNational Institute of Health Research Health Informatics Collaborative, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-8290
Christophe FraserBig Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, UK.
Eleanor BarnesNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Dominique GoedhalsDivision of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Philippa C MatthewsDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4036-4269

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral load (VL) is used as a biomarker to assess risk of disease progression, and to determine eligibility for treatment. While there is a well recognised association between VL and the expression of the viral e-antigen protein, the distributions of VL at a population level are not well described. We here present cross-sectional, observational HBV VL data from two large population cohorts in the UK and in South Africa, demonstrating a consistent bimodal distribution. The right skewed distribution and low median viral loads are different from the left-skew and higher viraemia in seen in HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cohorts in the same settings. Using longitudinal data, we present evidence for a stable 'set-point' VL in peripheral blood during chronic HBV infection. These results are important to underpin improved understanding of HBV biology, to inform approaches to viral sequencing, and to plan public health interventions.

Indexed as

distributionHBVHIVset pointviral load

Identifiers

PMID33274299
PMCPMC7682492

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.