ArticleInternational journal of molecular and cellular medicine2020
EL4-derived Exosomes Carry Functional TNF-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand that are Able to Induce Apoptosis and Necrosis in the Target Cells.
Article in International journal of molecular and cellular medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Review
- Abscopal Effect, Extracellular Vesicles and Their Immunotherapeutic Potential in Cancer Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Immune Modulation Using Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulated with MicroRNAs as Novel Drug Delivery Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes released by tumor cells play critical roles in tumor progression, immune cell suppression, and cancer metastasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the exosomes released by EL4 cells carry a functional TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) molecule. Exosomes were harvested from the supernatants of EL4 cell culture, and the shape, size, and identity of EL4-derived exosomes were evaluated by utilizing scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and dot-blot method. The expression of mRNA and TRAIL protein in EL4 cells and EL4-exosomes were investigated using real-time PCR method and dot-blot analysis. Moreover, the effects of EL4-derived exosomes on cell death in a TRAIL-sensitive cell line (4T1) were studied by using flow cytometry (annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining) and fluorescent microscopy analyses (acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining). The results showed that EL4 cells continuously and without the need for stimulation, produce exosomes that carry TRAIL protein. In addition, EL4-derived exosomes were capable to induce apoptosis as well as necrosis in 4T1 cells. It was ultimately revealed that EL4 cells express TRAIL protein and release exosomes containing functional TRAIL. Moreover, the released exosomes were able to induce apoptosis and necrosis in a TRAIL-sensitive cell line. Further studies are needed to reveal the potential roles of tumor-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis of cancers.
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