ArticleCancer research2021
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause Mortality among Patients Diagnosed with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
Article in Cancer research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial and ethnic disparities in enrollment for clinical trials of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Pooled it
- Racial disparities in outcomes of patients with stage I-III triple-negative breast cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy: a post-hoc analysis of the E5103 randomized trial.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Trial
- Beyond conventional therapies: the evolution of targeted agents and immunotherapies in triple-negative breast cancer.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Associations of neighborhood deprivation with breast cancer tumor genomics, targeted treatment use, and survival.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Observational
- Racial disparities and utilization trends of first-line targeted therapies for metastatic breast cancer.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- Tumor microenvironment transcriptional activity enables robust stratification of chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Exploration of precise classification and therapeutic targets of breast cancer based on genes related to neuro-cancer crosstalk.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Persistent poverty and breast cancer incidence by tumor subtype: intersections of rural/urban residence and race within USA Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Registries, 2017 to 2021.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities and socioeconomic determinants of male breast cancer mortality in the United States.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Racial and Socioeconomic Disparity in Breast Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2025Review
- Molecular subtyping and target identification in triple negative breast cancer through immunohistochemistry biomarkers.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Article
- CRYβB2 alters cell adhesion to promote invasion in a triple-negative breast cancer cell line.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- A Narrative Review of the Clinical, Humanistic, and Economic Value of Pembrolizumab-Based Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Breast and Gynecologic Cancers.Oncology and therapy · 2024Review
- Breast cancer clinical trial participation among diverse patients at a comprehensive cancer center.NPJ breast cancer · 2024Article
- Inherent Bias in Electronic Health Records: A Scoping Review of Sources of Bias.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Racial/Ethnic Differences in Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Survival Among Early-Stage, Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2-Low Breast Cancer Patients.Journal of breast cancer · 2024Article
- Performance of Statistical and Machine Learning Risk Prediction Models for Surveillance Benefits and Failures in Breast Cancer Survivors.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Age and Racial Disparities in the Utilization of Anticancer, Antihypertension, and Anti-diabetes Therapies, and in Mortality in a Large Population-Based Cohort of Older Women with Breast Cancer.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Cancer Patients in the U.S.JACC. CardioOncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
It is unclear whether racial/ethnic disparities in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mortality remain after accounting for clinical characteristics, treatment, and access-to-care-related factors. In this study, women with a primary diagnosis of TNBC during 2010-2014 were identified from the National Cancer Database. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for 3- and 5-year all-cause mortality associated with race/ethnicity were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models with stepwise adjustments for age, clinical characteristics, treatment, and access-to-care-related factors. Of 78,708 patients, non-Hispanic (NH) black women had the lowest 3-year overall survival rates (79.4%), followed by NH-whites (83.1%), Hispanics (86.0%), and Asians (87.1%). After adjustment for clinical characteristics, NH-blacks had a 12% higher risk of dying 3 years post-diagnosis (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.17), whereas Hispanics and Asians had a 24% (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.70-0.83) and 17% (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.94) lower risk than their NH-white counterparts. The black-white disparity became non-significant after combined adjustment for treatment and access-to-care-related factors (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.99-1.09), whereas the white-Hispanic and white-Asian differences remained. Stratified analyses revealed that among women aged less than or equal to 50 with stage III cancer, the elevated risk among NH-blacks persisted (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.39) after full adjustments. Similar results were seen for 5-year mortality. Overall, clinical characteristics, treatment, and access-to-care-related factors accounted for most of the white-black differences in all-cause mortality of TNBC but explained little about Hispanic- and Asian-white differences. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight the need for equal healthcare to mitigate the black-white disparity and for investigations of contributors beyond healthcare for lower mortality among Asians and Hispanics.
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