ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Social and Contextual Influences on Antibiotic Prescribing and Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Qualitative Study with Clinical Commissioning Group and General Practice Professionals.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pediatric stewardship in Italy: a necessity, not an option - a National Multi-Society Expert Consensus on Antimicrobial and Diagnostic Stewardship (SIP, SITIP, SIMRI, SIAIP, SIMEUP, SIPPS, SICUPP, SIMIT, SIMPE, SIPINF, SIT, SIAATIP, SARNEPI, AIEOP, SIM, SITI, SIF, SIFACT, SITA, SIN).Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Point-of-care tests to manage acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of healthcare professional and patient views.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Pooled it
- Factors contributing to the variation in antibiotic prescribing among primary health care physicians: a systematic review.BMC primary care · 2024Pooled it
- Public perceptions on antibiotic use and resistance: a social media-based multicountry survey during WAAW 2022.IJID regions · 2026Article
- GP workforce sustainability to maximise effective and equitable patient care: a realist review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Review
- Benchmarking: A Tool for Veterinary Practices to Improve Prudent Use of Antibiotics in Cats and Dogs in Switzerland.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Unraveling behavioral and sociocultural factors that shape antimicrobial use among patients and general public, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, a qualitative study.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2025Article
- Barriers and Enablers to Optimal Antimicrobial Use in Respiratory Tract Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pattern and appropriateness of antimicrobial prescription for acute respiratory tract infection in primary healthcare settings in Ethiopia.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- The impact of a multifaceted intervention on antibiotic use for common infections in nursing homes in Spain. A before and after study.European geriatric medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of a multifaceted intervention programme on antibiotic prescribing and dispensing in four patient-centred settings in five European countries. The HAPPY PATIENT project.Family practice · 2025Article
- State of the Art of Antimicrobial and Diagnostic Stewardship in Pediatric Setting.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prenatal maternal infections and early childhood developmental outcomes: analysis of linked administrative health data for Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Scotland.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Looking beyond effectiveness: Integration of social science research within international infectious disease research in primary care.The European journal of general practice · 2024Article
- How, why and when are delayed (back-up) antibiotic prescriptions used in primary care? A realist review integrating concepts of uncertainty in healthcare.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Patient and public understanding of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic review and meta-ethnography.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Review
- Time is running out. No excuses to delay implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes: impact, sustainability, resilience and efficiency through an interrupted time series analysis (2017-2022).JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Novel survey distribution methods: impact on antimicrobial resistance research outcomes.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Practices, strategies, and challenges in antibiotic treatment and prevention of antimicrobial resistance from the perspectives of Romanian community pharmacists and general practitioners: a Goffman-inspired qualitative interview study.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2024Article
- Factors that influence evidence-informed meso-level regional primary health care planning: a qualitative examination and conceptual framework.Health research policy and systems · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antibiotic prescribing in England varies considerably between Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) and general practices. We aimed to assess social and contextual factors affecting antibiotic prescribing and engagement with antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 22 CCG professionals and 19 general practice professionals. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. Social/contextual influences were grouped into the following four categories: (1) Immediate context, i.e., patients' social characteristics (e.g., deprivation and culture), clinical factors, and practice and clinician characteristics (e.g., "struggling" with staff shortage/turnover) were linked to higher prescribing. (2) Wider context, i.e., pressures on the healthcare system, limited resources, and competing priorities were seen to reduce engagement with AMS. (3) Collaborative and whole system approaches, i.e., communication, multidisciplinary networks, leadership, and teamwork facilitated prioritizing AMS, learning, and consistency. (4) Relativity of appropriate prescribing, i.e., "high" or "appropriate" prescribing was perceived as relative, depending on comparators, and disregarding different contexts, but social norms around antibiotic use among professionals and patients seemed to be changing. Further optimization of antibiotic prescribing would benefit from addressing social/contextual factors and addressing wider health inequalities, not only targeting individual clinicians. Tailoring and adapting to local contexts and constraints, ensuring adequate time and resources for AMS, and collaborative, whole system approaches to promote consistency may help promote AMS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.