ArticlePloS one2020
Cesarean delivery and early childhood diseases in Bangladesh: An analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS).
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evaluating the current methodological practices and issues in existing literature in pooling complex surveys: a systematic review.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Pooled it
- Determinants of Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Compliance in Bangladesh: Informing Policy for Elimination by 2030.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- A novel average treatment effect estimation approach for integrated incomplete datasets, with application in childhood anemia.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- From parental education to under-5 mortality: how antenatal care and hand hygiene mediate the pathway mechanisms.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Assessing Contributory Factors of Diarrhea Among Under-Five Children in Bangladesh From 2006 to 2019 and Recent Increases: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Article
- A study of association between maternal tetanus toxoid immunization and neonatal mortality in the context of Bangladesh.PloS one · 2025Article
- Nutritional status of children with neurodevelopmental disorders: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary-level hospital in northern Bangladesh.BMC nutrition · 2024Article
- Prevalence and predictors of elective and emergency caesarean delivery among reproductive-aged women in Bangladesh: evidence from demographic and health survey, 2017-18.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Maternal education and racial/ethnic disparities in nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex cesarean deliveries in the United States.AJOG global reports · 2022Article
- Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
introductionThe rate of cesarean delivery (C-section) has been increasing worldwide, including Bangladesh, and it has a negative impact on the mother and child's health. Our aim was to examine the association between C-section and childhood diseases and to identify the key factors associated with childhood diseases.
methodsWe used four nationally representative data sets from multiple indicator cluster survey (MICS, 2012 and 2019) and Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS, 2011and 2014) and analyzed 25,270 mother-child pairs. We used the frequency of common childhood diseases (fever, short or rapid breaths, cough, blood in stools, and diarrhea) as our outcome variable and C-section as exposure variable. We included mother's age, place of residence, division, mother's education, wealth index, child age, child sex, and child size at birth as confounding variables. Negative binomial regression model was used to analyze the data.
resultsIn the BDHS data, the prevalence of C-section increased from 17.95% in 2011 to 23.33% in 2014. Also, in MICS, the prevalence almost doubled over an eight-year period (17.74% in 2012 to 35.41% in 2019). We did not observe any significant effect of C-section on childhood diseases in both surveys. Only in 2014 BDHS, we found that C-section increases the risk of childhood disease by 5% [Risk Ratio (RR): 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.17, p = 0.33]. However, the risk of childhood disease differed significantly in all survey years by division, child's age, and child's size at birth after adjusting for important confounding variables. For example, children living in Chittagong division had a higher risk [(2011 BDHS RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.38) and (2019 MICS RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.35)] of having disease compared to Dhaka division. Maternal age, education, and wealth status showed significant differences with the outcome in some survey years.
conclusionOur study shows that C-section in Bangladesh continued to increase over time, and we did not find significant association between C-section and early childhood diseases. High C-section rate has a greater impact on maternal and child health as well as the burden on the health care system. We recommend raising public awareness of the negative impact of unnecessary C-section in Bangladesh.
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