ReviewApplied microbiology and biotechnology2021
Echinocandins: structural diversity, biosynthesis, and development of antimycotics.
Review in Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural Product-Inspired Antifungal Drugs Introduced for Human Use from 1872 to August 2026.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- What's in a Name? Etymology and History of Antibacterials and Antifungals.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Deciphering the multidrug resistance paradigm inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Review
- The Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Boydines in Scedosporium apiospermum.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- Antifungal peptides: From modes of action to synergistic and immunologic potential.Cell stress · 2026Article
- Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study on the Nephrotoxicity Following Intravitreal Administration of the Antifungal Agents Voriconazole and Micafungin in New Zealand White Rabbits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Antifungal Drugs for the Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections-A Limited Therapeutic Toolbox Facing Growing Resistances.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- FDA-Approved Antibacterials and Echinocandins.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- The distinctive pharmacokinetic profile of rezafungin, a long-acting echinocandin developed in the era of modern pharmacometrics.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Review
- The Significance of Mono- and Dual-Effective Agents in the Development of New Antifungal Strategies.Chemical biology & drug design · 2025Review
- IMA fungus · 2025Review
- The evolution of antifungal therapy: Traditional agents, current challenges and future perspectives.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Review
- Otilonium Bromide Exhibits Potent Antifungal Effects by Blocking Ergosterol Plasma Membrane Localization and Triggering Cytotoxic Autophagy in Candida Albicans.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Non-modular fatty acid synthases yield distinct N-terminal acylation in ribosomal peptides.Nature chemistry · 2024Article
- A Close View of the Production of Bioactive Fungal Metabolites Mediated by Chromatin Modifiers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Microbial lipopeptides: their pharmaceutical and biotechnological potential, applications, and way forward.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2024Review
- A Novel ZnMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Recent developments in membrane targeting antifungal agents to mitigate antifungal resistance.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2023Review
- Artemisinins inhibit oral candidiasis caused by Candida albicans through the repression on its hyphal development.International journal of oral science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Echinocandins are a clinically important class of non-ribosomal antifungal lipopeptides produced by filamentous fungi. Due to their complex structure, which is characterized by numerous hydroxylated non-proteinogenic amino acids, echinocandin antifungal agents are manufactured semisynthetically. The development of optimized echinocandin structures is therefore closely connected to their biosynthesis. Enormous efforts in industrial research and development including fermentation, classical mutagenesis, isotope labeling, and chemical synthesis eventually led to the development of the active ingredients caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin, which are now used as first-line treatments against invasive mycosis. In the last years, echinocandin biosynthetic gene clusters have been identified, which allowed for the elucidation but also engineering of echinocandin biosynthesis on the molecular level. After a short description of the history of echinocandin research, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge of echinocandin biosynthesis with a special focus of the diverse structural elements, their biosynthetic background, and structure-activity relationships. KEY POINTS: • Complex and highly oxidized lipopeptides produced by fungi. • Crucial in the design of drugs: side chain, solubility, and hydrolytic stability. • Genetic methods for engineering biosynthesis have recently become available.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.