Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33269357›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2020

Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials.

David A Jolliffe, Carlos A Camargo, John D Sluyter, Mary Aglipay, John F Aloia, Davaasambuu Ganmaa, Peter Bergman, Arturo Borzutzky, Camilla T Damsgaard, Gal Dubnov-Raz and 31 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05630339 (Efficacy and Security of the Magnesium and Vitamin D Combination as Adjuvant Treatment of Post-COVID Syndrome. A Randomised Double-blind Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05630339 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy and Security of the Magnesium and Vitamin D Combination as Adjuvant Treatment of Post-COVID Syndrome. A Randomised Double-blind Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorCoordinación de Investigación en Salud, MexicoRan2022 to 2023Enrolled150ConditionsPost-COVID-19 Syndrome, Long COVID, Vitamin D Deficiency, Magnesium DeficiencyArmsMagnesium chloride, Vitamin D, Inert placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

41 authors at 20 institutions in 15 countries.

David A JolliffeInstitute for Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Carlos A CamargoDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
John D SluyterSchool of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Mary AglipayDepartment of Pediatrics, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
John F AloiaBone Mineral Research Center, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
Davaasambuu GanmaaDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Peter BergmanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Arturo BorzutzkyDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Camilla T DamsgaardDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Gal Dubnov-RazExercise, Lifestyle and Nutrition Clinic, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Susanna EspositoPediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Clare GilhamDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Adit A GindeDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Inbal Golan-TriptoSaban Pediatric Medical Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Emma C GoodallDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Cameron C GrantDepartment of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Christopher J GriffithsInstitute for Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Anna Maria HibbsDepartment of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Wim JanssensUniversitair ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Anuradha Vaman KhadilkarHirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Maharashtra, India.
Ilkka LaaksiFaculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Margaret T LeeDivision of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA.
Mark LoebDepartment of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Jonathon L MaguireDepartment of Pediatrics, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Paweł MajakDepartment of Pediatric Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
David T MaugerDepartment of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
Semira Manaseki-HollandDepartment of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
David R MurdochDepartment of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Akio NakashimaJikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Rachel E NealePopulation Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia.
Hai PhamPopulation Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia.
Christine RakeDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Judy R ReesDepartment of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Jenni RosendahlChildren's Hospital, Pediatric Research Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Robert ScraggSchool of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Dheeraj ShahDepartment of Paediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.
Yoshiki ShimizuFANCL Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, Yokohama, Japan.
Steve Simpson-YapNeuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Geeta Trilok KumarInstitute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Mitsuyoshi UrashimaJikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Adrian R MartineauInstitute for Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Queen Mary University of London · GBUniversity of Auckland · NZHarvard University · USJikei University School of Medicine · JPLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · AUSt. Michael's Hospital · CAColumbia University Irving Medical Center · USDartmouth College · USEdmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital · ILFanuc (Japan) · JPImpact · CAJehangir Hospital · INKarolinska Institutet · SEMcMaster University · CAMedical University of Lodz · PLPennsylvania State University · USPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile · CLRainbow Babies & Children's Hospital · USSoroka Medical Center · IL

Funding

Department of Health 08/116/48Department of Health 13/03/25Department of Health RP-PG-0407-10398
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA 2017 meta-analysis of data from 25 randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory infections revealed a protective effect of the intervention. Since then, 20 new RCTs have been completed.

methodsSystematic review and meta-analysis of data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D for ARI prevention using a random effects model. Pre-specified sub-group analyses were done to determine whether effects of vitamin D on risk of ARI varied according to baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration or dosing regimen. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry from inception to 1st May 2020. Double-blind RCTs of supplementation with vitamin D or calcidiol, of any duration, were eligible if they were approved by a Research Ethics Committee and if ARI incidence was collected prospectively and pre-specified as an efficacy outcome. Aggregate data, stratified by baseline 25(OH)D concentration, were obtained from study authors. The study was registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42020190633).

findingsWe identified 45 eligible RCTs (total 73,384 participants). Data were obtained for 46,331 (98.0%) of 47,262 participants in 42 studies, aged 0 to 95 years. For the primary comparison of vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo, the intervention reduced risk of ARI overall (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.91, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99; P for heterogeneity 0.01). No statistically significant effect of vitamin D was seen for any of the sub-groups defined by baseline 25(OH)D concentration. However, protective effects were seen for trials in which vitamin D was given using a daily dosing regimen (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.93); at daily dose equivalents of 400-1000 IU (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.89); and for a duration of ≤12 months (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.93). No significant interaction was seen between allocation to vitamin D vs. placebo and dose frequency, dose size, or study duration. Vitamin D did not influence the proportion of participants experiencing at least one serious adverse event (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.09). Risk of bias within individual studies was assessed as being low for all but three trials. A funnel plot showed left-sided asymmetry (P=0.008, Egger's test).

interpretationVitamin D supplementation was safe and reduced risk of ARI, despite evidence of significant heterogeneity across trials. Protection was associated with administration of daily doses of 400-1000 IU vitamin D for up to 12 months. The relevance of these findings to COVID-19 is not known and requires investigation.

fundingNone.

Identifiers

PMID33269357
PMCPMC7709175
OpenAlexW3043300276

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.