ArticleJournal of medical biochemistry2020
Detection of Lipoprotein X (LpX): A challenge in patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia.
Article in Journal of medical biochemistry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- [A case of acetaminophen-induced cholestatic liver injury accompanying severe hypercholesterolemia in children].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Lipidome remodeling in primary biliary cholangitis.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Review
- Article
- Severe Hypercholesterolemia Mediated by Lipoprotein X in an Immunosuppressed Patient: A Case Report.GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Serum Metabolomic and Lipoprotein Profiling of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients of African Ancestry.Metabolites · 2021Article
- Monocyte phenotyping and management of lipoprotein X syndrome.Journal of clinical lipidologyArticle
- Hypercholesterolemia After COVID-19: Time to Include Lipoprotein X Among the Differential Diagnoses.AACE clinical case reportsArticle
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13 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundLipoprotein X (LpX) is an abnormal lipoprotein fraction, which can be detected in patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia and cholestatic liver disease. LpX is composed largely of phospholipid and free cholesterol, with small amounts of triglyceride, cholesteryl ester and protein. There are no widely available methods for direct measurement of LpX in routine laboratory practice. We present the heterogeneity of clinical and laboratory manifestations of the presence of LpX, a phenomenon which hinders LpX detection.
methodsThe study was conducted on a 26-year-old female after liver transplantation (LTx) with severely elevated total cholesterol (TC) of 38 mmol/L and increased cholestatic liver enzymes. TC, free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl esters (CE), triglycerides, phospholipids, HDL-C, LDL-C, and apolipoproteins AI and B were measured. TC/apoB and FC:CE ratios were calculated. Lipoprotein electrophoresis was performed using a commercially available kit and laboratory-prepared agarose gel.
resultsCommercially available electrophoresis failed to demonstrate the presence of LpX. Laboratory-prepared gel clearly revealed the presence of lipoproteins with γ mobility, characteristic of LpX. The TC/apoB ratio was elevated and the CE level was reduced, confirming the presence of LpX. Regular lipoprotein apheresis was applied as the method of choice in LpX disease and a bridge to reLTx due to chronic liver insufficiency.
conclusionsThe detection of LpX is crucial as it may influence the method of treatment. As routinely available biochemical laboratory tests do not always indicate the presence of LpX, in severe hypercholesterolaemia with cholestasis, any discrepancy between electrophoresis and biochemical tests should raise suspicions of LpX disease.
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