ArticleJournal of virology2021
Genetic determinants of receptor-binding preference and zoonotic potential of H9N2 avian influenza viruses.
Article in Journal of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Loss of hemagglutination ability by H3N2 influenza A virus, subclade K.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Identification of thermostability-enhancing mutations in H9N2 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Genetic evolution and pathogenicity analysis of two natural recombinant isolates of avian influenza.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Development of an H9N2 vaccine strain with enhanced neuraminidase immunogenicity via dual hemagglutinin and neuraminidase modification.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Article
- Viral factors underlying the pandemic potential of influenza viruses.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Deep mutational scanning of H5 hemagglutinin to inform influenza virus surveillance.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Evaluating the epizootic and zoonotic threat of an H7N9 low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) variant associated with enhanced pathogenicity in turkeys.The Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- Recent H9N2 avian influenza virus lost hemagglutination activity due to a K141N substitution in hemagglutinin.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Rapid adaptive substitution of L226Q in HA protein increases the pathogenicity of H9N2 viruses in mice.Infectious medicine · 2024Article
- Genetic insights of H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in Mali and phylogeographic patterns in Northern and Western Africa.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- HA198 mutations in H9N2 avian influenza: molecular dynamics insights into receptor binding.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses in Morocco: Antigenic and Molecular Evolution from 2021 to 2023.Viruses · 2023Article
- Amino Acid Variation at Hemagglutinin Position 193 Impacts the Properties of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Enhanced pathogenicity and transmissibility of H9N2 avian influenza virus in mammals by hemagglutinin mutations combined with PB2-627K.Virologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Influence of Host Sialic Acid Receptors Structure on the Host Specificity of Influenza Viruses.Viruses · 2022Review
- Identification of 121 variants of honey bee Vitellogenin protein sequences with structural differences at functional sites.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2022Article
- Swine H1N1 Influenza Virus Variants with Enhanced Polymerase Activity and HA Stability Promote Airborne Transmission in Ferrets.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Applications of Surface Plasmon Resonance and Biolayer Interferometry for Virus-Ligand Binding.Viruses · 2022Review
- Coinfection of Chickens with H9N2 and H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses Leads to Emergence of Reassortant H9N9 Virus with Increased Fitness for Poultry and a Zoonotic Potential.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Identification of Hemagglutinin Mutations Caused by Neuraminidase Antibody Pressure.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Receptor recognition and binding is the first step of viral infection and a key determinant of host specificity. The inability of avian influenza viruses to effectively bind human-like sialylated receptors is a major impediment to their efficient transmission in humans and pandemic capacity. Influenza H9N2 viruses are endemic in poultry across Asia and parts of Africa where they occasionally infect humans and are therefore considered viruses with zoonotic potential. We previously described H9N2 viruses, including several isolated from human zoonotic cases, showing a preference for human-like receptors. Here we take a mutagenesis approach, making viruses with single or multiple substitutions in H9 haemagglutinin and test binding to avian and human receptor analogues using biolayer interferometry. We determine the genetic basis of preferences for alternative avian receptors and for human-like receptors, describing amino acid motifs at positions 190, 226 and 227 that play a major role in determining receptor specificity, and several other residues such as 159, 188, 193, 196, 198 and 225 that play a smaller role. Furthermore, we show changes at residues 135, 137, 147, 157, 158, 184, 188, and 192 can also modulate virus receptor avidity and that substitutions that increased or decreased the net positive charge around the haemagglutinin receptor-binding site show increases and decreases in avidity, respectively. The motifs we identify as increasing preference for the human-receptor will help guide future H9N2 surveillance efforts and facilitate our understanding of the emergence of influenza viruses with increased zoonotic potential.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.