ArticleScience advances2020
Metachronal patterns in artificial cilia for low Reynolds number fluid propulsion.
Article in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- An artificial cilia-based array system for sound frequency decoding and resonance-responsive drug release.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Article
- A protein complex in the extreme distal tip of vertebrate motile cilia controls their organization, length, and function.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dynamics and emergence of metachronal waves in the ciliary band of a metazoan larva.Science advances · 2025Article
- A protein complex in the extreme distal tip of vertebrate motile cilia controls their organization, length, and function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Optical Imaging of Cilia in the Head and Neck.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Fallopian tube rheology regulates epithelial cell differentiation and function to enhance cilia formation and coordination.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Curved Surfaces Induce Metachronal Motion of Microscopic Magnetic Cilia.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Metachronal Motion of Biological and Artificial Cilia.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Synthesis, anticancer activity and molecular docking of new quinolines, quinazolines and 1,2,4-triazoles with pyrido[2,3-Heliyon · 2024Article
- Integrating chemistry, fluid flow, and mechanics to drive spontaneous formation of three-dimensional (3D) patterns in anchored microstructures.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Optimal free-surface pumping by an undulating carpet.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Miniaturized metachronal magnetic artificial cilia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The three-dimensional coarse-graining formulation of interacting elastohydrodynamic filaments and multi-body microhydrodynamics.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- 3D-printed micrometer-scale wireless magnetic cilia with metachronal programmability.Science advances · 2023Article
- Early career scientists converse on the future of soft robotics.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2023Article
- Spontaneous phase coordination and fluid pumping in model ciliary carpets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Numerical investigation of flexible Purcell-like integrated microfluidic pumps.Journal of applied physics · 2022Article
- Soft-robotic ciliated epidermis for reconfigurable coordinated fluid manipulation.Science advances · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cilia are hair-like organelles, present in arrays that collectively beat to generate flow. Given their small size and consequent low Reynolds numbers, asymmetric motions are necessary to create a net flow. Here, we developed an array of six soft robotic cilia, which are individually addressable, to both mimic nature's symmetry-breaking mechanisms and control asymmetries to study their influence on fluid propulsion. Our experimental tests are corroborated with fluid dynamics simulations, where we find a good agreement between both and show how the kymographs of the flow are related to the phase shift of the metachronal waves. Compared to synchronous beating, we report a 50% increase of net flow speed when cilia move in an antiplectic wave with phase shift of -π/3 and a decrease for symplectic waves. Furthermore, we observe the formation of traveling vortices in the direction of the wave when metachrony is applied.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.