ArticleScience advances2020
Macrophage activation on "phagocytic synapse" arrays: Spacing of nanoclustered ligands directs TLR1/2 signaling with an intrinsic limit.
Article in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- The contributions of TLR2, TLR8 and TLR3 to direct and antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus serotype 2 infection.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- The Sizes and Shapes of Glycan-Presenting Particles Determine IL-12 Production from Mononuclear Phagocytes via a Glycan-Dependent Phagocytic Process.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Capped high-force integrin bond lifetimes and spacing-tuned binding frequency drive rapid fibroblast migration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Clustering of Membrane Receptors: Insights from DNA Origami-Based Approaches.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- Recycled melanoma-secreted melanosomes regulate tumor-associated macrophage diversification.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- The ubiquitous nanocluster: A molecular scale organizing principle that governs cellular information flow.Current opinion in cell biology · 2024Review
- AFM-IR for Nanoscale Chemical Characterization in Life Sciences: Recent Developments and Future Directions.ACS measurement science au · 2023Review
- Review
- Spatial Organization of Dectin-1 and TLR2 during Synergistic Crosstalk Revealed by Super-resolution Imaging.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2022Article
- Immobile ligands enhance FcγR-TLR2/1 crosstalk by promoting interface overlap of receptor clusters.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- Wall teichoic acid-dependent phagocytosis of intact cell walls ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Dietary Inclusion of Seabuckthorn (Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Spatial organization of FcγR and TLR2/1 on phagosome membranes differentially regulates their synergistic and inhibitory receptor crosstalk.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Innate immune receptor clustering and its role in immune regulation.Journal of cell science · 2021Review
- Sinomenine Hydrochloride Ameliorates Fish Foodborne EnteritisFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Microbial Phagocytic Receptors and Their Potential Involvement in Cytokine Induction in Macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The activation of Toll-like receptor heterodimer 1/2 (TLR1/2) by microbial components plays a critical role in host immune responses against pathogens. TLR1/2 signaling is sensitive to the chemical structure of ligands, but its dependence on the spatial distribution of ligands on microbial surfaces remains unexplored. Here, we reveal the quantitative relationship between TLR1/2-triggered immune responses and the spacing of ligand clusters by designing an artificial "phagocytic synapse" nanoarray platform to mimic the cell-microbe interface. The ligand spacing dictates the proximity of receptor clusters on the cell surface and consequently the pro-inflammatory responses of macrophages. However, cell responses reach their maximum at small ligand spacings when the receptor nanoclusters become adjacent to one another. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using spatially patterned ligands to modulate innate immunity. It shows that the receptor clusters of TLR1/2 act as a driver in integrating the spatial cues of ligands into cell-level activation events.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.